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Native-Immigrant Gaps in Educational and School-to-Work Transitions in the 2nd Generation: The Role of Gender and Ethnicity

Author

Listed:
  • Stijn Baert

    (Ghent University
    University of Antwerp
    Université catholique de Louvain
    IZA)

  • Frank W. Heiland

    (The City University of New York
    CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, The City University of New York
    CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, The Graduate Center)

  • Sanders Korenman

    (The City University of New York
    CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, The City University of New York
    NBER)

Abstract

We study how native-immigrant gaps in educational trajectories and school-to-work transitions vary by gender. Using longitudinal Belgian data and adjusting for family background and educational sorting, we find that second-generation immigrants, especially Turks and Moroccans, lag behind natives. In particular, we observe that immigrant students are less likely to finish secondary education or begin tertiary education on time. They are also less likely to transition into work successfully. These performance gaps are substantially larger for female immigrants. In addition, we study demographic behaviors to test the hypothesis that attributes the gender differences in educational and economic ethnic gaps to cultural differences between immigrants and natives.

Suggested Citation

  • Stijn Baert & Frank W. Heiland & Sanders Korenman, 2016. "Native-Immigrant Gaps in Educational and School-to-Work Transitions in the 2nd Generation: The Role of Gender and Ethnicity," De Economist, Springer, vol. 164(2), pages 159-186, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:decono:v:164:y:2016:i:2:d:10.1007_s10645-016-9273-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s10645-016-9273-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Fays, Valentine & Mahy, Benoît & Rycx, François, 2024. "Do Migrants Displace Native-Born Workers on the Labour Market? The Impact of Workers' Origin," IZA Discussion Papers 16887, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Baert, Stijn & Albanese, Andrea & du Gardein, Sofie & Ovaere, Jolien & Stappers, Jarno, 2017. "Does work experience mitigate discrimination?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 35-38.
    3. Paul Bisschop & Bas Weel & Jelle Zwetsloot, 2020. "Ethnic Employment Gaps of Graduates in the Netherlands," De Economist, Springer, vol. 168(4), pages 577-598, December.
    4. Valentine Fays & Benoît Mahy & François Ryckx, 2024. "Do migrants displace native-born workers on the labour market? The impact of workers’ origin," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2024004, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    5. Louise Devos & Louis Lippens & Dries Lens & François Rycx & Stijn Baert & Mélanie Volral & Stijn Baert, 2024. "Labour market disadvantages of citizens with a migration background in Belgium: A systematic review," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 24/1083, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    6. Layla Van den Berg & Karel Neels, 2024. "Ethnic Variation in the Link between Women’s Relative Employment Positions and Entry into Parenthood in Belgium," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, April.
    7. Bram Wouterse & Karen Wiel & Marc Steeg, 2017. "Income Differences Between PhDs and Masters: Evidence from The Netherlands," De Economist, Springer, vol. 165(4), pages 439-461, December.
    8. Bisschop, Paul & ter Weel, Bas & Zwetsloot, Jelle, 2020. "Ethnic Employment Gaps of Graduates in the Netherlands," IZA Discussion Papers 13750, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Jiangsheng Chen & Gideon Bolt & Yiwen Wang & Xiaoli Feng & Xuke Li, 2021. "An Empirical Diagnosis of the School-to-Work Process for Rural and Agricultural Development in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, January.
    10. Layla Van den Berg & Karel Neels & Jonas Wood, 2021. "Socioeconomic preconditions to union formation: Exploring variation by migrant background," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 45(32), pages 973-1010.
    11. Céline Piton, 2022. "The labour market performance of vulnerable groups: towards a better understanding of the main driving forces," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/352519, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    12. Céline Piton & François Rycx, 2020. "The heterogeneous employment outcomes of first- and second-generation immigrants in Belgium," Working Paper Research 381, National Bank of Belgium.
    13. Paul Bisschop & Bas ter Weel & Jelle Zwetsloot, 2020. "Ethnic employment gaps of graduates in the Netherlands," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 20-068/V, Tinbergen Institute.
    14. Julie Maes & Jonas Wood & Karel Neels, 2023. "Path-Dependencies in Employment Trajectories Around Motherhood: Comparing Native Versus Second-Generation Migrant Women in Belgium," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 281-344, March.
    15. Céline Piton & François Rycx, 2022. "L’ascenseur social est-il en panne pour les descendants d’immigrés ?," Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(1), pages 31-45.
    16. Jonas Wood & Sebastian Klüsener & Karel Neels & Mikko Myrskylä, 2017. "Is a positive link between human development and fertility attainable? Insights from the Belgian vanguard case," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2017-014, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    17. Céline Piton & François Rycx, 2021. "A Broken Social Elevator? Employment Outcomes of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants in Belgium," De Economist, Springer, vol. 169(3), pages 319-365, August.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Educational attainment; School-to-work transitions; Dynamic selection bias; Ethnic minorities; Gender differentials; Belgium;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J70 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - General
    • Z10 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - General
    • C35 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions

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