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Hydrochars Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds as Zn Bio-Chelates for Agronomic Biofortification

Author

Listed:
  • Leslie Lara-Ramos

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Ana Cervera-Mata

    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Jesús Fernández-Bayo

    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Miguel Navarro-Alarcón

    (Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Gabriel Delgado

    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

  • Alejandro Fernández-Arteaga

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain)

Abstract

Previous studies have attributed both phytotoxicity and the capacity to mobilize nutrient elements to the presence of polyphenols and melanoidins in spent coffee grounds (SCG) and SCG-hydrochars obtained through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This work aimed to evaluate SCG and two SCG-hydrochars obtained at 160 and 200 °C that were functionalized with Zn salts (bio-chelates), to achieve the in vitro biofortification of lettuce. Two application modes were established: (1) a fixed Zn concentration of 10 mg kg −1 of soil and (2) a fixed dose of 0.5% bio-product. Soil alone (control A) and commercial chelates (control B) were used as controls. Outcomes showed that SCG-hydrochars retain the capacity to mobilize Zn compared to SCG. However, the chelating capacity was reduced (Zn: 94%) and the toxicity was significantly increased ( p < 0.05) with higher temperatures of HTC (200 °C). Both fresh and dry lettuce weights were less affected at doses of 0.5% of bio-product and registered a maximum increase of 136% of Zn in the plant content. The present study approaches the possibility of using these by-products as bioinorganic fertilizers at subtoxic doses, although more research is needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Leslie Lara-Ramos & Ana Cervera-Mata & Jesús Fernández-Bayo & Miguel Navarro-Alarcón & Gabriel Delgado & Alejandro Fernández-Arteaga, 2023. "Hydrochars Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds as Zn Bio-Chelates for Agronomic Biofortification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10700-:d:1188696
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Azzaz, Ahmed Amine & Khiari, Besma & Jellali, Salah & Ghimbeu, Camélia Matei & Jeguirim, Mejdi, 2020. "Hydrochars production, characterization and application for wastewater treatment: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    2. Paola Navid García-Hernández & José Martín Baas-López & Tanit Toledano-Thompson & Ruby Valdez-Ojeda & Daniella Pacheco-Catalán, 2021. "Revalorization of Pleurotus djamor Fungus Culture: Fungus-Derived Carbons for Supercapacitor Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Kambo, Harpreet Singh & Dutta, Animesh, 2015. "A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 359-378.
    4. Afolabi, Oluwasola O.D. & Sohail, M. & Cheng, Yu-Ling, 2020. "Optimisation and characterisation of hydrochar production from spent coffee grounds by hydrothermal carbonisation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1380-1391.
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