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Optimisation and characterisation of hydrochar production from spent coffee grounds by hydrothermal carbonisation

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  • Afolabi, Oluwasola O.D.
  • Sohail, M.
  • Cheng, Yu-Ling

Abstract

Current ways of managing spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are uneconomical and have significant environmental impacts. Alternative approaches, such as hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC), which can utilise their rich organic matter for energy recovery purposes are essential. Here we present, a response surface methodology (RSM) for understanding the combined interactive effects due to the main HTC operating conditions, i.e. reaction temperature and residence time, as well as optimising them to produce hydrochar from SCGs of maximal yield and calorific value. The fuel properties and combustion behaviours of hydrochar were further evaluated to assess its suitability to replace coals for energy applications. Depending on the operating conditions, the atomic carbon content and calorific values of the hydrochar were significantly improved: by 11.2–30.7% and 15.8–44.7% respectively. The highest hydrochar calorific value recorded, 33.5 MJ kg−1, resembled that of anthracite and dry steam coal, generally used in the UK. At optimal conditions of ∼216 °C and 1hr - guided by the RSM - a maximal hydrochar yield of ∼64% and a calorific value of 31.6 MJ kg−1 are feasible. Using this as a benchmark, the 500,000 tonnes of SCGs generated annually in the UK has the potential of replacing 4.4% of the coal used for electricity generation in the country.

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  • Afolabi, Oluwasola O.D. & Sohail, M. & Cheng, Yu-Ling, 2020. "Optimisation and characterisation of hydrochar production from spent coffee grounds by hydrothermal carbonisation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1380-1391.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:147:y:2020:i:p1:p:1380-1391
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.098
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    12. Chau Huyen Dang & Gianluigi Farru & Claudia Glaser & Marcus G. Fischer & Judy A. Libra, 2023. "Enhancing the Fuel Properties of Spent Coffee Grounds through Hydrothermal Carbonization: Output Prediction and Post-Treatment Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-24, December.
    13. Tomasz Matula & Jerzy Labaj & Krzysztof Nowacki & Leszek Blacha & Lukasz Kortyka & Lukasz Mycka & Piotr Madej & Lukasz Jaworek & Tomasz Wojtal, 2023. "Application of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCGs) as a Fuel and Alternative Reducer of Slags from the Copper Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-17, March.
    14. Djandja, Oraléou Sangué & Duan, Pei-Gao & Yin, Lin-Xin & Wang, Zhi-Cong & Duo, Jia, 2021. "A novel machine learning-based approach for prediction of nitrogen content in hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    15. Rajesh Banu, J. & Yukesh Kannah, R. & Dinesh Kumar, M. & Preethi, & Kavitha, S. & Gunasekaran, M. & Zhen, Guangyin & Awasthi, Mukesh Kumar & Kumar, Gopalakrishnan, 2021. "Spent coffee grounds based circular bioeconomy: Technoeconomic and commercialization aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    16. Gentil Mwengula Kahilu & Samson Bada & Jean Mulopo, 2022. "Coal Discards and Sewage Sludge Derived-Hydrochar for HIV Antiretroviral Pollutant Removal from Wastewater and Spent Adsorption Residue Evaluation for Sustainable Carbon Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-30, November.
    17. Leslie Lara-Ramos & Ana Cervera-Mata & Jesús Fernández-Bayo & Miguel Navarro-Alarcón & Gabriel Delgado & Alejandro Fernández-Arteaga, 2023. "Hydrochars Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds as Zn Bio-Chelates for Agronomic Biofortification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-13, July.
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