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Potential Carbon Footprint Reduction for Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Innovations: LCA Methodology, Best Available Technology, and Near-Future Reduction Potential

Author

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  • Diana Eliza Godoi Bizarro

    (Climate Air and Sustainability Department, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands)

  • Zoran Steinmann

    (Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Isabel Nieuwenhuijse

    (Energy Sector, CE Delft, 2611 HH Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Elisabeth Keijzer

    (Climate Air and Sustainability Department, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands)

  • Mara Hauck

    (Climate Air and Sustainability Department, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands)

Abstract

The carbon footprints of asphalt mixtures with increasing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content were estimated using a life-cycle assessment methodology. Three asphalt mixtures with different applications and technical requirements, namely porous asphalt (PA), stone mastic asphalt (SMA), and asphalt concrete (AC), were included. The technology leaps needed to achieve asphalt mixtures containing up to 93% RAP were modelled. Mixtures containing up to 57% RAP were hot-mix asphalts (175 °C), while mixtures containing more RAP were produced at 135 °C and 105 °C. The energy requirements and their respective carbon footprints were calculated based on the heat capacity of the aggregates, RAP, and other bituminous materials. Furthermore, the effects of changing the country’s electricity mix were also evaluated. A potential carbon footprint reduction of between 55% and 64% was found for one tonne of asphalt containing 93% RAP and produced at 105 °C compared to the 0% RAP mixture produced at 175 °C. Considering the uncertainty of this technology at its early stage of development, the reduction could be as low as 45% or as high as 79%. Changing the electricity mix to one that is likely to be implemented until 2030 in the Netherlands further reduces the footprint by 10%.

Suggested Citation

  • Diana Eliza Godoi Bizarro & Zoran Steinmann & Isabel Nieuwenhuijse & Elisabeth Keijzer & Mara Hauck, 2021. "Potential Carbon Footprint Reduction for Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Innovations: LCA Methodology, Best Available Technology, and Near-Future Reduction Potential," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:1382-:d:488930
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Filippo G. Praticò & Marinella Giunta & Marina Mistretta & Teresa Maria Gulotta, 2020. "Energy and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Pavement Materials and Technologies for Urban Roads," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Mayara S. Siverio Lima & Mohsen Hajibabaei & Sina Hesarkazzazi & Robert Sitzenfrei & Alexander Buttgereit & Cesar Queiroz & Arnold Tautschnig & Florian Gschösser, 2020. "Environmental Potentials of Asphalt Materials Applied to Urban Roads: Case Study of the City of Münster," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-19, July.
    3. Mitchell K. van der Hulst & Mark A. J. Huijbregts & Niels van Loon & Mirjam Theelen & Lucinda Kootstra & Joseph D. Bergesen & Mara Hauck, 2020. "A systematic approach to assess the environmental impact of emerging technologies: A case study for the GHG footprint of CIGS solar photovoltaic laminate," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 24(6), pages 1234-1249, December.
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    1. Gabriella Buttitta & Gaspare Giancontieri & Tony Parry & Davide Lo Presti, 2023. "Modelling the Environmental and Economic Life Cycle Performance of Maximizing Asphalt Recycling on Road Pavement Surfaces in Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-30, October.
    2. Zeerak Waryam Sajid & Arshad Hussian & Muhammad Umer Amin Khan & Fahad K. Alqahtani & Fahim Ullah, 2024. "Technical, Economic, and Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Reclaimed Asphalt and Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate Pavements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-31, June.

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