IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i15p8419-d603208.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of Bus Line Operation Reliability Based on Copula Function

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang Xiaoliang

    (School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    Research Institute of Highway, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China)

  • Jia Limin

    (School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

Abstract

To promote the development level of urban sustainability, more and more cities have been paying attention to the improvement of public transportation. City managers intend to attract people from private cars to public transport by improving the service level of urban public transport. The operational reliability of bus lines plays a crucial role in maintaining high-level service of public transportation. Previous studies have focused on the service level of the whole line by investigating the overall stability of departure punctuality, line running time, and punctuality. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the whole line and sites in terms of the influence on the operational reliability of bus lines. This study proposes a bus route reliability evaluation method, based on copulas connect function, and the actual line data are taken as a case study. The results show that the method reveals the relationship between the overall line and the interstation paths in the context of operational reliability. This study finds the interstation path, which is more critical to the whole line. This method can provide a good reference for the diagnosis and evaluation of line operation and the optimization of bus routes. The results can support the sustainable development of public transportation.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang Xiaoliang & Jia Limin, 2021. "Analysis of Bus Line Operation Reliability Based on Copula Function," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:15:p:8419-:d:603208
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/15/8419/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/15/8419/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gao, Shuzhi & Zhang, Sixuan & Zhang, Yimin & Gao, Yue, 2020. "Operational reliability evaluation and prediction of rolling bearing based on isometric mapping and NoCuSa-LSSVM," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    2. Boisjoly, Geneviève & Grisé, Emily & Maguire, Meadhbh & Veillette, Marie-Pier & Deboosere, Robbin & Berrebi, Emma & El-Geneidy, Ahmed, 2018. "Invest in the ride: A 14 year longitudinal analysis of the determinants of public transport ridership in 25 North American cities," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 434-445.
    3. Abrantes, Pedro A.L. & Wardman, Mark R., 2011. "Meta-analysis of UK values of travel time: An update," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Liang, Shidong & He, Shengxue & Zhang, Hu & Ma, Minghui, 2021. "Optimal holding time calculation algorithm to improve the reliability of high frequency bus route considering the bus capacity constraint," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    5. Esmailpour, Javad & Aghabayk, Kayvan & Abrari Vajari, Mohammad & De Gruyter, Chris, 2020. "Importance – Performance Analysis (IPA) of bus service attributes: A case study in a developing country," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 129-150.
    6. Dakic, Igor & Yang, Kaidi & Menendez, Monica & Chow, Joseph Y.J., 2021. "On the design of an optimal flexible bus dispatching system with modular bus units: Using the three-dimensional macroscopic fundamental diagram," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 38-59.
    7. Chen, Xumei & Yu, Lei & Zhang, Yushi & Guo, Jifu, 2009. "Analyzing urban bus service reliability at the stop, route, and network levels," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 43(8), pages 722-734, October.
    8. Paudel, Jayash, 2021. "Bus ridership and service reliability: The case of public transportation in Western Massachusetts," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 98-107.
    9. Beaudoin, Justin & Farzin, Y. Hossein & Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia, 2015. "Public transit investment and sustainable transportation: A review of studies of transit's impact on traffic congestion and air quality," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 15-22.
    10. Strathman, James G. & Hopper, Janet R., 1993. "Empirical analysis of bus transit on-time performance," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 93-100, April.
    11. Rietveld, P. & Bruinsma, F. R. & van Vuuren, D. J., 2001. "Coping with unreliability in public transport chains: A case study for Netherlands," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 539-559, July.
    12. Ehab I. Diab & Madhav G. Badami & Ahmed M. El-Geneidy, 2015. "Bus Transit Service Reliability and Improvement Strategies: Integrating the Perspectives of Passengers and Transit Agencies in North America," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(3), pages 292-328, May.
    13. Zhang, Wei & (Ato) Xu, Wangtu, 2017. "Simulation-based robust optimization for the schedule of single-direction bus transit route: The design of experiment," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 203-230.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Renata Żochowska & Marcin Jacek Kłos & Piotr Soczówka & Marcin Pilch, 2022. "Assessment of Accessibility of Public Transport by Using Temporal and Spatial Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-29, December.
    2. Rathachai Chawuthai & Agachai Sumalee & Thanunchai Threepak, 2023. "GPS Data Analytics for the Assessment of Public City Bus Transportation Service Quality in Bangkok," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-23, March.
    3. Adrian Barchański & Renata Żochowska & Marcin Jacek Kłos, 2022. "A Method for the Identification of Critical Interstop Sections in Terms of Introducing Electric Buses in Public Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-37, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chakrabarti, Sandip & Giuliano, Genevieve, 2015. "Does service reliability determine transit patronage? Insights from the Los Angeles Metro bus system," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 12-20.
    2. Deepa, L. & Pinjari, Abdul Rawoof & Nirmale, Sangram Krishna & Biswas, Mehek & Srinivasan, Karthik K., 2023. "The adverse impact of headway variability on bus transit ridership: Evidence from Bengaluru, India," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 343-356.
    3. Morrison, Geoffrey M. & Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia, 2016. "Does employment growth increase travel time to work?: An empirical analysis using military troop movements," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 180-197.
    4. Ji, Yanjie & Gao, Liangpeng & Chen, Dandan & Ma, Xinwei & Zhang, Ruochen, 2018. "How does a static measure influence passengers’ boarding behaviors and bus dwell time? Simulated evidence from Nanjing bus stations," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 13-25.
    5. Zhu, Pengyu & Tan, Xinying & Zhao, Songnian & Shi, Shuai & Wang, Mingshu, 2022. "Land use regulations, transit investment, and commuting preferences," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    6. Chakrabarti, Sandip, 2015. "The demand for reliable transit service: New evidence using stop level data from the Los Angeles Metro bus system," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 154-164.
    7. Sandip Chakrabarti & Genevieve Giuliano, 2014. "Does service reliability influence transit patronage? Evidence from Los Angeles, and implications for transit policy," Working Paper 9297, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
    8. Jenelius, Erik, 2018. "Public transport experienced service reliability: Integrating travel time and travel conditions," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 275-291.
    9. Yu, Bin & Yang, Zhongzhen & Li, Shan, 2012. "Real-time partway deadheading strategy based on transit service reliability assessment," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 46(8), pages 1265-1279.
    10. Börjesson, Maria & Eliasson, Jonas, 2011. "On the use of "average delay" as a measure of train reliability," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 171-184, March.
    11. Durán-Hormazábal, Elsa & Tirachini, Alejandro, 2016. "Estimation of travel time variability for cars, buses, metro and door-to-door public transport trips in Santiago, Chile," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 26-39.
    12. Lucas Albuquerque-Oliveira, João & Moraes Oliveira-Neto, Francisco & Pereira, Rafael H.M., 2024. "A novel route-based accessibility measure and its association with transit ridership," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    13. Martínez-Estupiñan, Yerly & Delgado, Felipe & Muñoz, Juan Carlos & Watkins, Kari E., 2023. "Improving the performance of headway control tools by using individual driving speed data," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    14. Salicrú, M. & Fleurent, C. & Armengol, J.M., 2011. "Timetable-based operation in urban transport: Run-time optimisation and improvements in the operating process," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(8), pages 721-740, October.
    15. Bergström, Anna & Krüger, Niclas A., 2013. "Modeling passenger train delay distributions: evidence and implications," Working papers in Transport Economics 2013:3, CTS - Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm (KTH and VTI).
    16. Rayaprolu, Hema & Levinson, David, 2024. "Co-evolution of public transport access and ridership," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    17. Bouscasse, Hélène & de Lapparent, Matthieu, 2019. "Perceived comfort and values of travel time savings in the Rhône-Alpes Region," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 370-387.
    18. Gu, Tianqi & Xu, Weiping & Liang, Hua & He, Qing & Zheng, Nan, 2024. "School bus transport service strategies’ policy-making mechanism – An evolutionary game approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    19. Hirte, Georg & Tscharaktschiew, Stefan, 2018. "The impact of anti-congestion policies and the role of labor-supply margins," CEPIE Working Papers 04/18, Technische Universität Dresden, Center of Public and International Economics (CEPIE).
    20. Mahieu, Pierre-Alexandre & Andersson, Henrik & Beaumais, Olivier & Crastes dit Sourd, Romain & Hess, François-Charles & Wolff, François-Charles, 2017. "Stated preferences: a unique database composed of 1657 recent published articles in journals related to agriculture, environment, or health," Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 98(3), November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:15:p:8419-:d:603208. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.