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Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Energy Efficiency in a Flat Plate Solar Collector Using Monolayer Graphene Nanofluids

Author

Listed:
  • Omer A. Alawi

    (Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia)

  • Haslinda Mohamed Kamar

    (Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia)

  • Abdul Rahman Mallah

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Hussein A. Mohammed

    (WA School of Mines-Minerals, Energy & Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia)

  • Mohd Aizad Sazrul Sabrudin

    (Department of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
    PROTON Holdings Sdn Bhd, HICOM Industrial Estate, Batu 3, P.O. Box 7100, Shah Alam 40918, Malaysia)

  • Kazi Md. Salim Newaz

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Gholamhassan Najafi

    (Department of Biosystem Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran)

  • Zaher Mundher Yaseen

    (New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq)

Abstract

Flat-plate solar collectors are one of the cleanest and most efficient heating systems available. Studies on the presence of covalently functionalized graphene (Gr) suspended in distilled water as operating fluids inside an indoor flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) were experimentally and theoretically performed. These examinations were conducted under different testing conditions namely 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kg/min, 30, 40, and 50 °C, and 500, 750, and 1000 W/m 2 . Various techniques were used to characterize the functionalized nanofluids’ stability and morphological properties namely UV/Vis spectrophotometry, EDX analysis with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), zeta potential, and nanoparticle size. The results showed that the collected heat improved as the percentage of GrNPs and the fluid mass flow rates increased, although it decreased as the reduced temperature coefficient increased, whereas the maximum increase in collector efficiency at higher concentration was 13% and 12.5% compared with distilled water at 0.025 kg/s. Finally, a new correlation was developed for the base fluid and nanofluids’ thermal efficiency as a function of dropped temperature parameter and weight concentration with 2.758% and 4.232% maximum deviations.

Suggested Citation

  • Omer A. Alawi & Haslinda Mohamed Kamar & Abdul Rahman Mallah & Hussein A. Mohammed & Mohd Aizad Sazrul Sabrudin & Kazi Md. Salim Newaz & Gholamhassan Najafi & Zaher Mundher Yaseen, 2021. "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Energy Efficiency in a Flat Plate Solar Collector Using Monolayer Graphene Nanofluids," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:10:p:5416-:d:553222
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Grzegorz Trzmiel & Jaroslaw Jajczyk & Ewa Kardas-Cinal & Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski & Waldemar Wozniak & Konrad Lewczuk, 2021. "The Condition of Photovoltaic Modules under Random Operation Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Humphrey Adun & Michael Adedeji & Ayomide Titus & Joakim James Mangai & Tonderai Ruwa, 2023. "Particle-Size Effect of Nanoparticles on the Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Shwe Sin Han & Usman Ghafoor & Tareq Saeed & Hassan Elahi & Usman Masud & Laveet Kumar & Jeyraj Selvaraj & Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, 2021. "Silicon Particles/Black Paint Coating for Performance Enhancement of Solar Absorbers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-11, November.
    5. Pawel Znaczko & Kazimierz Kaminski & Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski & Emilian Szczepanski & Paweł Gołda, 2021. "Experimental Analysis of Control Methods in Solar Water Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-16, December.

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