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Experimental Analysis of Control Methods in Solar Water Heating Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Pawel Znaczko

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland)

  • Kazimierz Kaminski

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland)

  • Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland)

  • Emilian Szczepanski

    (Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Paweł Gołda

    (Air Force Institute of Technology, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

This paper focuses on an analysis of selected control methods in solar heating systems. Proportional, ON-OFF, and new proposed IPC control methods were tested. Experimental tests were conducted under natural conditions using the author’s method of clustering measurement days. In the form of thermal energy gains in the storage tanks, the results for all tested control methods are presented. The ON-OFF control method is suitable for low variability of solar radiation conditions but is ineffective under dynamic solar radiation conditions. The proportional controllers collect thermal energy under high variability solar radiation effectively, but they tend to cause thermal drifts from the system under high heat load. The proposed IPC control method prevents the waste of heat energy and makes more efficient use of the high and dynamic solar radiation. In conclusion, energy gains depend more on the level of solar radiation and less on its variability. However, the variability of solar radiation makes control in solar systems more challenging, and it is one of the factors that should determine the control strategy. The novelty of this work is based on an extension of the control algorithm by adding the temperature at the entry and exit of the solar coil. This makes it possible to eliminate thermal drift and observe the intensity of heat transfer to the water in the tank.

Suggested Citation

  • Pawel Znaczko & Kazimierz Kaminski & Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski & Emilian Szczepanski & Paweł Gołda, 2021. "Experimental Analysis of Control Methods in Solar Water Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8258-:d:697740
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Waldemar Kuczynski & Kazimierz Kaminski & Pawel Znaczko & Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski & Piotr Piatkowski, 2021. "On the Correlation between the Geometrical Features and Thermal Efficiency of Flat-Plate Solar Collectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Omer A. Alawi & Haslinda Mohamed Kamar & Abdul Rahman Mallah & Hussein A. Mohammed & Mohd Aizad Sazrul Sabrudin & Kazi Md. Salim Newaz & Gholamhassan Najafi & Zaher Mundher Yaseen, 2021. "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Energy Efficiency in a Flat Plate Solar Collector Using Monolayer Graphene Nanofluids," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, May.
    3. Araújo, António & Silva, Rui, 2020. "Energy modeling of solar water heating systems with on-off control and thermally stratified storage using a fast computation algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 891-906.
    4. Chandan Swaroop Meena & Binju P Raj & Lohit Saini & Nehul Agarwal & Aritra Ghosh, 2021. "Performance Optimization of Solar-Assisted Heat Pump System for Water Heating Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, June.
    5. Rafal Andrzejczyk, 2018. "Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Performance of a Wickless Heat Pipe Operating with Different Fluids: Water, Ethanol, and SES36. Analysis of Influences of Instability Processes at Working Ope," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-28, December.
    6. Pawel Znaczko & Emilian Szczepanski & Kazimierz Kaminski & Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski & Jacek Kukulski, 2021. "Experimental Diagnosis of the Heat Pipe Solar Collector Malfunction. A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, May.
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