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LNG and Cruise Ships, an Easy Way to Fulfil Regulations—Versus the Need for Reducing GHG Emissions

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  • Elizabeth Lindstad

    (SINTEF Ocean, Marine Technology Centre, 7465 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Agathe Rialland

    (SINTEF Ocean, Marine Technology Centre, 7465 Trondheim, Norway)

Abstract

Liquified natural gas (LNG), with its low sulphur content, its favorable hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, and the lower nitrogen oxide emission when combusted compared to conventional fuels, fulfils all International Maritime Organization (IMO) air emission regulations. For the cruise industry, with their large number of customers and their high public visibility, LNG has therefore become a tempting option for new cruise ships. However, larger well-to-tank (WTT) emissions for the LNG supply chain as well as un-combusted methane (CH 4 ) from the ship’s engine might more than nullify any greenhouse gas (GHG) gains. Previous studies have shown very different GHG impacts from the use of LNG as a ship fuel. With climate change potentially being the largest threat to mankind, it is important that decisions with an impact on future GHG emissions are based on the best available knowledge within a sector and across sectors. The motivation for this study has therefore been to establish comparable GHG estimates for well-to-wake (WTW) emissions for LNG and traditional fuels in a transparent way. The results show that there is a need for adopting policies that can reduce the broader GHG emissions of shipping instead of CO 2 only, including the well-to-tank emissions of ship fuels. If not, we might end up with a large number of ships with GHG savings on paper only, while the real GHG emissions increases.

Suggested Citation

  • Elizabeth Lindstad & Agathe Rialland, 2020. "LNG and Cruise Ships, an Easy Way to Fulfil Regulations—Versus the Need for Reducing GHG Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:2080-:d:329956
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lindstad, Elizabeth & Rehn, Carl Fredrik & Eskeland, Gunnar S., 2017. "Sulphur Abatement Globally in Maritime Shipping," Discussion Papers 2017/8, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sandro Vidas & Marijan Cukrov & Valentina Šutalo & Smiljko Rudan, 2021. "CO 2 Emissions Reduction Measures for RO-RO Vessels on Non-Profitable Coastal Liner Passenger Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Sofiane Laribi & Emmanuel Guy, 2020. "Promoting LNG as A Marine Fuel in Norway: Reflections on the Role of Global Regulations on Local Transition Niches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Karin Andersson & Selma Brynolf & Julia Hansson & Maria Grahn, 2020. "Criteria and Decision Support for A Sustainable Choice of Alternative Marine Fuels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-23, April.
    4. Mohamad Issa & Adrian Ilinca & Fahed Martini, 2022. "Ship Energy Efficiency and Maritime Sector Initiatives to Reduce Carbon Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-37, October.
    5. Ejder, Emir & Dinçer, Samet & Arslanoglu, Yasin, 2024. "Decarbonization strategies in the maritime industry: An analysis of dual-fuel engine performance and the carbon intensity indicator," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    6. Vinicius Andrade dos Santos & Patrícia Pereira da Silva & Luís Manuel Ventura Serrano, 2022. "The Maritime Sector and Its Problematic Decarbonization: A Systematic Review of the Contribution of Alternative Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-30, May.
    7. Eunice O. Olaniyi & Gunnar Prause & Vera Gerasimova & Tommi Inkinen, 2022. "Clean Cruise Shipping: Experience from the BSR," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, April.
    8. Jason Monios, 2023. "The Moral Limits of Market-Based Mechanisms: An Application to the International Maritime Sector," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 187(2), pages 283-299, October.
    9. Yujiro Wada & Tatsumi Yamamura & Kunihiro Hamada & Shinnosuke Wanaka, 2021. "Evaluation of GHG Emission Measures Based on Shipping and Shipbuilding Market Forecasting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-22, March.
    10. Elizabeth Lindstad & Gunnar S. Eskeland & Agathe Rialland & Anders Valland, 2020. "Decarbonizing Maritime Transport: The Importance of Engine Technology and Regulations for LNG to Serve as a Transition Fuel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, October.
    11. Saleh Aseel & Hussein Al-Yafei & Murat Kucukvar & Nuri C. Onat, 2021. "Life Cycle Air Emissions and Social Human Health Impact Assessment of Liquified Natural Gas Maritime Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.

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