IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i24p10362-d460467.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Socio-Economic Determinants of Small Family Farms’ Resilience in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Michał Borychowski

    (Department of Macroeconomics and Agricultural Economics, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland)

  • Sebastian Stępień

    (Department of Macroeconomics and Agricultural Economics, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland)

  • Jan Polcyn

    (Department of Economics, Stanislaw Staszic State University of Applied Sciences in Pila, ul. Podchorążych 10, 64-920 Piła, Poland)

  • Aleksandra Tošović-Stevanović

    (Department of Economics, Faculty of Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, Mitropolita Petra 8, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Dragan Ćalović

    (Faculty of Contemporary Arts, University Business Academy, Svetozara Miletica 12, 11 108 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Goran Lalić

    (Department of Economy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University Business Academy, Bulevar umetnosti 2a, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Milena Žuža

    (Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Biofarming, Megatrend University, Bulevar maršala Tolbuhina 8, 11 070 Belgrade, Serbia)

Abstract

We investigated the resilience of small-scale family farms because of the contemporary importance of both the farms’ resilience and the role of these farms in five countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The authors addressed a research gap concerning cross-sectional research on the resilience of farms by combining determinants from various fields. Thus, the primary goal of this article was to identify microeconomic and political factors and links to markets that affect the resilience of small-scale family farms in Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania and Serbia. Using a database of over 3500 farms, the resilience of the farms was calculated, and then the impact of selected factors on that resilience was determined. The research showed that the production scale was the key determinant of the resilience of farms. To achieve higher benefits, increasing the production should be combined with strengthening the market integration of agricultural producers. The position of the producer in the food supply chain determined the income situation of the farm (economic stability). This shaped the quality of life of the family members (social stability). Identifying the effects of those dependencies may provide recommendations for the policy of supporting small-scale family farms in the analysed countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Michał Borychowski & Sebastian Stępień & Jan Polcyn & Aleksandra Tošović-Stevanović & Dragan Ćalović & Goran Lalić & Milena Žuža, 2020. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Small Family Farms’ Resilience in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-30, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:24:p:10362-:d:460467
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10362/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10362/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Christian Grovermann & Tesfamicheal Wossen & Adrian Muller & Karin Nichterlein, 2019. "Eco-efficiency and agricultural innovation systems in developing countries: Evidence from macro-level analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Marta Guth & Katarzyna Smędzik-Ambroży & Bazyli Czyżewski & Sebastian Stępień, 2020. "The Economic Sustainability of Farms under Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union Countries," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-20, January.
    3. Keijiro Otsuka & Yanyan Liu & Futoshi Yamauchi, 2016. "The future of small farms in Asia," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 34(3), pages 441-461, May.
    4. Hazell, Peter & Poulton, Colin & Wiggins, Steve & Dorward, Andrew, 2010. "The Future of Small Farms: Trajectories and Policy Priorities," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 38(10), pages 1349-1361, October.
    5. Wiggins, Steve & Kirsten, Johann & Llambí, Luis, 2010. "The Future of Small Farms," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 38(10), pages 1341-1348, October.
    6. Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda & Agnieszka Sapa & Sebastian Stępień & Michał Borychowski, 2020. "Food Insecurity among Small-Scale Farmers in Poland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-24, July.
    7. Allan Low & Penny Akwenye & Kaatry Kamwi, 1999. "Small-family farm types: Examples from Northern Namibia and implications for agrarian reform in South Africa," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(2), pages 335-344.
    8. Guiomar, N. & Godinho, S. & Pinto-Correia, T. & Almeida, M. & Bartolini, F. & Bezák, P. & Biró, M. & Bjørkhaug, H. & Bojnec, Š. & Brunori, G. & Corazzin, M. & Czekaj, M. & Davidova, S. & Kania, J. & K, 2018. "Typology and distribution of small farms in Europe: Towards a better picture," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 784-798.
    9. Vrolijk, Hans & Poppe, Krijn & Keszthelyi, Szilárd, 2016. "Collecting sustainability data in different organisational settings of the European Farm Accountancy Data Network," Studies in Agricultural Economics, Research Institute for Agricultural Economics, vol. 118(3), pages 1-7, December.
    10. Łopaciuk, Wiesław & Wasilewski, Adam & Wigier, Marek, 2014. "Food economy and rural areas in Poland − structural changes and effectiveness of public policy," Multiannual Program Reports 206068, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI).
    11. Bachev, Hrabrin Ianouchev, 2005. "Assessment of Sustainability of Bulgarian Farms," 2005 International Congress, August 23-27, 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark 24739, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    12. Klaus Deininger & Derek Byerlee & Jonathan Lindsay & Andrew Norton & Harris Selod & Mercedes Stickler, 2011. "Rising Global Interest in Farmland : Can it Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits?," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2263.
    13. L. J. S. Baiyegunhi & B. B. Oppong & G. M. Senyolo, 2016. "Mopane worm (Imbrasia belina) and rural household food security in Limpopo province, South Africa," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 8(1), pages 153-165, February.
    14. Aleksander Grzelak & Jakub Staniszewski & Michał Borychowski, 2020. "Income or Assets—What Determines the Approach to the Environment among Farmers in A Region in Poland?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-20, June.
    15. Philip Kostov & John Lingard, 2004. "Subsistence Agriculture in Transition Economies: Its Roles and Determinants," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(3), pages 565-579, November.
    16. Baiyegunhi, L.J.S. & Oppong, B.B., 2016. "Commercialisation of mopane worm (Imbrasia belina) in rural households in Limpopo Province, South Africa," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 141-148.
    17. Chatzinikolaou, Parthena & Manos, Basil D. & Bournaris, Thomas, 2012. "Classification of rural areas in Europe using social sustainability indicators," 2012 First Congress, June 4-5, 2012, Trento, Italy 124104, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA).
    18. Ani L. Katchova & Mario J. Miranda, 2004. "Two-Step Econometric Estimation of Farm Characteristics Affecting Marketing Contract Decisions," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 86(1), pages 88-102.
    19. Bazyli Czyżewski & Andrzej Czyżewski & Łukasz Kryszak, 2019. "The Market Treadmill Against Sustainable Income of European Farmers: How the CAP Has Struggled with Cochrane’s Curse," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-16, February.
    20. Sophia Davidova & Lena Fredriksson & Alastair Bailey, 2009. "Subsistence and semi‐subsistence farming in selected EU new member states," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 40(s1), pages 733-744, November.
    21. Jean Joseph Minviel & Laure Latruffe, 2017. "Effect of public subsidies on farm technical efficiency: a meta-analysis of empirical results," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(2), pages 213-226, January.
    22. Bachev H., 2016. "Sustainability of farming enterprise -understanding, governance, evaluation," Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics. Вісник Киiвського нацiонального унiверситету iм. Тараса Шевченка. Серiя: Економiка, CyberLeninka;Издательско-полиграфический центр «Киевский университет», issue 2 (179), pages 6-15.
    23. Amer Ait Sidhoum & Teresa Serra & Laure Latruffe, 2020. "Measuring sustainability efficiency at farm level: a data envelopment analysis approach [Economic and environmental efficiency of district heating plants]," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 47(1), pages 200-225.
    24. Nelson Mango & Byron Zamasiya & Clifton Makate & Kefasi Nyikahadzoi & Shephard Siziba, 2014. "Factors influencing household food security among smallholder farmers in the Mudzi district of Zimbabwe," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(4), pages 625-640, July.
    25. Makate, Clifton & Mango, Nelson & Makate, Marshall, 2019. "Socioeconomic status connected imbalances in arable land size holding and utilization in smallholder farming in Zimbabwe: Implications for a sustainable rural development," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    26. Jingzhong Ye & Lu Pan, 2016. "Concepts and realities of family farming in Asia and the Pacific," Working Papers 139, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth.
    27. Deepti Sharma & Shardendu Shardendu, 2011. "Assessing farm-level agricultural sustainability over a 60-year period in rural eastern India," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 31(3), pages 325-337, September.
    28. Hrabrin I. BACHEV, 2017. "Assessing Multi-aspects and Integral Sustainability of Bulgarian Farms," Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, KSP Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 53-86, March.
    29. Lowder, Sarah K. & Skoet, Jakob & Raney, Terri, 2016. "The Number, Size, and Distribution of Farms, Smallholder Farms, and Family Farms Worldwide," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 16-29.
    30. Latruffe, Laure & Diazabakana, Ambre & Bockstaller, Christian & Desjeux, Yann & Finn, John & Kelly, Edel & Ryan, Mary & Uthes, Sandra, 2016. "Measurement of sustainability in agriculture: a review of indicators," Studies in Agricultural Economics, Research Institute for Agricultural Economics, vol. 118(3), pages 1-8, December.
    31. Ssebunya, Brian Robert & Schader, Christian & Baumgart, Lukas & Landert, Jan & Altenbuchner, Christine & Schmid, Erwin & Stolze, Matthias, 2019. "Sustainability Performance of Certified and Non-certified Smallholder Coffee Farms in Uganda," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 35-47.
    32. Macours, Karen & Swinnen, Johan F. M., 2000. "Causes of Output Decline in Economic Transition: The Case of Central and Eastern European Agriculture," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 172-206, March.
    33. Laure Latruffe, 2010. "Competitiveness, Productivity and Efficiency in the Agricultural and Agri-Food Sectors," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers 30, OECD Publishing.
    34. Tittonell, P. & Muriuki, A. & Shepherd, K.D. & Mugendi, D. & Kaizzi, K.C. & Okeyo, J. & Verchot, L. & Coe, R. & Vanlauwe, B., 2010. "The diversity of rural livelihoods and their influence on soil fertility in agricultural systems of East Africa - A typology of smallholder farms," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 83-97, February.
    35. Bachev, Hrabrin, 2016. "Sustainability of Farming Enterprise – Governance and Evaluation," MPRA Paper 69734, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    36. Christian Schader & Lukas Baumgart & Jan Landert & Adrian Muller & Brian Ssebunya & Johan Blockeel & Rainer Weisshaidinger & Richard Petrasek & Dóra Mészáros & Susanne Padel & Catherine Gerrard & Laur, 2016. "Using the Sustainability Monitoring and Assessment Routine (SMART) for the Systematic Analysis of Trade-Offs and Synergies between Sustainability Dimensions and Themes at Farm Level," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-20, March.
    37. Macours, Karen & Swinnen, Johan F M, 2002. "Patterns of Agrarian Transition," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 50(2), pages 365-394, January.
    38. María Pérez Urdiales & Alfons Oude Lansink & Alan Wall, 2016. "Eco-efficiency Among Dairy Farmers: The Importance of Socio-economic Characteristics and Farmer Attitudes," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 64(4), pages 559-574, August.
    39. Vastola, Antonella & Zdruli, Pandi & D’Amico, Mario & Pappalardo, Gioacchino & Viccaro, Mauro & Di Napoli, Francesco & Cozzi, Mario & Romano, Severino, 2017. "A comparative multidimensional evaluation of conservation agriculture systems: A case study from a Mediterranean area of Southern Italy," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 326-333.
    40. Hrabrin Bachev, 2017. "Assessment of sustainability of agricultural farms of Natural Persons in Bulgaria," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 5, pages 34-61,62-86.
    41. Erik Mathijs & Nivelin Noev, 2004. "Subsistence Farming in Central and Eastern Europe : Empirical Evidence from Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania," Eastern European Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(6), pages 72-89, November.
    42. Jana Fritsch & Stefan Wegener & Gertrud Buchenrieder & Jarmila Curtiss & Sergio Gomez y Paloma, 2010. "Economic Prospects for Semi-subsistence Farm Households in EU New Member States," JRC Research Reports JRC58621, Joint Research Centre.
    43. Hrabrin I. BACHEV, 2016. "About Governance and Evaluation of Sustainability of Farming Enterprise," Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, KSP Journals, vol. 3(2), pages 161-201, June.
    44. L. Baiyegunhi & B. Oppong & G. Senyolo, 2016. "Mopane worm (Imbrasia belina) and rural household food security in Limpopo province, South Africa," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 8(1), pages 153-165, February.
    45. Unknown, 2014. "Competitiveness of the Polish food economy in the conditions of globalization and European integration," Multiannual Program Reports 236928, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI).
    46. Sarah Mohan, 2020. "Private standards and producer risk: a framework for analysis of development implications* [The market for lemons: quality uncertainty and the market mechanism]," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 47(2), pages 403-437.
    47. Artiom Volkov & Mangirdas Morkunas & Tomas Balezentis & Vaida Šapolaitė, 2020. "Economic and Environmental Performance of the Agricultural Sectors of the Selected EU Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, February.
    48. Stępień, Sebastian & Muntean, Andreea, 2019. "Economic and Social Features of Small-Scale Farms in Poland Against a Background of Average Results for Agriculture," Roczniki (Annals), Polish Association of Agricultural Economists and Agribusiness - Stowarzyszenie Ekonomistow Rolnictwa e Agrobiznesu (SERiA), vol. 2019(3).
    49. Miguel Martín-Retortillo & Vicente Pinilla, 2013. "Patterns and causes of growth of European agricultural production, 1950-2005," Documentos de Trabajo (DT-AEHE) 1302, Asociación Española de Historia Económica.
    50. Czyżewski, Bazyli & Kłodowska, Małgorzata & Matuszczak, Anna & Matuszewska, Adrianna & Śmidoda, Dariusz, 2018. "Social Sustainab ility in Agricultural Farms with Selected Types of Production in European Union countries," Roczniki (Annals), Polish Association of Agricultural Economists and Agribusiness - Stowarzyszenie Ekonomistow Rolnictwa e Agrobiznesu (SERiA), vol. 2018(4).
    51. Duffy, Michael, 2009. "Economies of Size in Production Agriculture," Staff General Research Papers Archive 31282, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jan Polcyn, 2021. "Eco-Efficiency and Human Capital Efficiency: Example of Small- and Medium-Sized Family Farms in Selected European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Ika Darnhofer, 2021. "Farming Resilience: From Maintaining States towards Shaping Transformative Change Processes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, March.
    3. Galiana-Carballo, C. & Rivera-Ferre, M.G. & Méndez, P.F. & Palau-Salvador, G., 2024. "Reducing fossil fuel dependency in smallholding farming in l'Horta de València, Spain: A socio-metabolic approach," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    4. Štefan Bojnec & Kristina Knific, 2021. "Farm Household Income Diversification as a Survival Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.
    5. Marius Mihai Micu & Eduard Alexandru Dumitru & Catalin Razvan Vintu & Valentina Constanta Tudor & Gina Fintineru, 2022. "Models Underlying the Success Development of Family Farms in Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Katherine S. Nelson & Tuan D. Nguyen & Jean R. Francois & Shreya Ojha, 2023. "Rural sustainability methods, drivers, and outcomes: A systematic review," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(3), pages 1226-1249, June.
    7. Jan Polcyn, 2022. "Determining Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC) Using the TOPSIS-CRITIC Method in Small and Medium-Sized Farms in Selected European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    8. Silvia Ștefania Maican & Andreea Cipriana Muntean & Carmen Adina Paștiu & Sebastian Stępień & Jan Polcyn & Iulian Bogdan Dobra & Mălina Dârja & Claudia Olimpia Moisă, 2021. "Motivational Factors, Job Satisfaction, and Economic Performance in Romanian Small Farms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-23, May.
    9. Jolanta Droždz & Vlada Vitunskienė & Lina Novickytė, 2021. "Profile of the Small-Scale Farms Willing to Cooperate—Evidence from Lithuania," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-21, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sebastian Stępień & Jan Polcyn & Michał Borychowski, 2021. "Determinanty zrównoważonego rozwoju ekonomiczno-społecznego rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce," Ekonomista, Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne, vol. 1, pages 56-86, January.
    2. Sebastian Stępień & Jan Polcyn & Michał Borychowski, 2021. "Determinanty zrównoważonego rozwoju ekonomiczno-społecznego rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce," Ekonomista, Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne, issue 1, pages 56-86.
    3. Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda & Agnieszka Sapa & Sebastian Stępień & Michał Borychowski, 2020. "Food Insecurity among Small-Scale Farmers in Poland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-24, July.
    4. Silvia Ștefania Maican & Andreea Cipriana Muntean & Carmen Adina Paștiu & Sebastian Stępień & Jan Polcyn & Iulian Bogdan Dobra & Mălina Dârja & Claudia Olimpia Moisă, 2021. "Motivational Factors, Job Satisfaction, and Economic Performance in Romanian Small Farms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-23, May.
    5. Marta Guth & Katarzyna Smędzik-Ambroży & Bazyli Czyżewski & Sebastian Stępień, 2020. "The Economic Sustainability of Farms under Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union Countries," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-20, January.
    6. Bazyli Czyżewski & Marta Guth, 2021. "Impact of Policy and Factor Intensity on Sustainable Value of European Agriculture: Exploring Trade-Offs of Environmental, Economic and Social Efficiency at the Regional Level," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, January.
    7. Bachev, Hrabrin, 2018. "Управление На Аграрната Устойчивост В България [Governance of agrarian sustainability in Bulgaria]," MPRA Paper 83686, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Larson,Donald F. & Muraoka,Rie & Otsuka,Keijiro, 2016. "On the central role of small farms in African rural development strategies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7710, The World Bank.
    9. Stępień Sebastian & Smędzik-Ambroży Katarzyna & Polcyn Jan & Kwiliński Aleksy & Maican Ionut, 2023. "Are small farms sustainable and technologically smart? Evidence from Poland, Romania, and Lithuania," Central European Economic Journal, Sciendo, vol. 10(57), pages 116-132, January.
    10. Bachev, Hrabrin, 2016. "Устойчивост На Земеделските Стопанства В България [Sustainability of agricultural farms in Bulgaria]," MPRA Paper 99457, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Jan Polcyn, 2021. "Eco-Efficiency and Human Capital Efficiency: Example of Small- and Medium-Sized Family Farms in Selected European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-15, June.
    12. Bachev, Hrabrin & Ivanov, Bojidar & Toteva, Dessislava & Sokolova, Emilia, 2018. "Оценка На Аграрната Устойчивост В България На Ниво Район, Екосистема, Подотрасъл И Стопанска Организация [Assessment of agrarian sustainability at regional, ecosystem, sectioal and farm levels in B," MPRA Paper 83690, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Štefan Bojnec & Kristina Knific, 2021. "Farm Household Income Diversification as a Survival Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.
    14. Bachev, Hrabrin & Ivanov, Bojidar & Toteva, Dessislava & Sokolova, Emilia & Terziev, Dimitar & Nikolov, Dimitar & Radeva, Donka & Chopeva, Minka & Li, Hongfei & Che, Shengquan, 2018. "Управление И Оценка На Аграрната Устойчивост – Опит, Предизвикателства И Уроци От България И Китай [Governing and assessment of agrarian sustainability - experiences, challenges, and lessons from B," MPRA Paper 83998, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Lowder, Sarah K. & Sánchez, Marco V. & Bertini, Raffaele, 2021. "Which farms feed the world and has farmland become more concentrated?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    16. Hrabrin I. BACHEV, 2017. "Assessing Multi-aspects and Integral Sustainability of Bulgarian Farms," Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, KSP Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 53-86, March.
    17. Lulu Yang & Xu Xiao & Ke Gu, 2021. "Agricultural Waste Recycling Optimization of Family Farms Based on Environmental Management Accounting in Rural China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-16, May.
    18. Hrabrin Bachev, 2005. "Assessment Of Sustainability Of Bulgarian Farms," Development and Comp Systems 0511007, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Ngarava, Saul, 2020. "Impact of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) on agricultural production: A tobacco success story in Zimbabwe?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    20. Concetta Cardillo & Orlando Cimino, 2022. "Small Farms in Italy: What Is Their Impact on the Sustainability of Rural Areas?," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-25, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:24:p:10362-:d:460467. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.