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The Historic City, Its Transmission and Perception via Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality and the Use of the Past as a Resource for the Present: A New Era for Urban Cultural Heritage and Tourism?

Author

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  • Diego A. Barrado-Timón

    (Department of Geography, Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain)

  • Carmen Hidalgo-Giralt

    (Department of Geography, Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact that augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are having on our conception, appreciation, and use of urban heritage spaces. Although most evaluations that appear in the specialized literature are clearly positive in this respect, there is a critical line of thought that considers these new technologies as connected to prior theoretical assumptions about heritage, in terms of what we value, how we value it, and for what reasons. To contrast the two perspectives, we have selected and examined scientific literature evaluating the application of AR and VR in urban heritage spaces, in order to analyze whether, in addition to positive effects, certain negatives linked to the ‘virtualization’ of space are also at work. A qualitative methodology has been developed supported by the ATLAS.ti tool (Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany), which allows definition of the different thematic lines treated in the literature as well as the connections between them. Our main conclusion is that concerns around the critical aspects are very limited, with only a few perceiving the possible dangers of trivialization of heritage, the creation of virtual tourist worlds separate from the material space of socio-economic relations, negative effects on the way in which knowledge is constructed, or the difficulties for some user groups in accessing these technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego A. Barrado-Timón & Carmen Hidalgo-Giralt, 2019. "The Historic City, Its Transmission and Perception via Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality and the Use of the Past as a Resource for the Present: A New Era for Urban Cultural Heritage and Tourism?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-26, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:10:p:2835-:d:232288
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chiara Garau, 2014. "From Territory to Smartphone: Smart Fruition of Cultural Heritage for Dynamic Tourism Development," Planning Practice & Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(3), pages 238-255, June.
    2. Eleanor E. Cranmer & M. Claudia Dieck & Timothy Jung, 2018. "How can Tourist Attractions Profit from Augmented Reality?," Progress in IS, in: Timothy Jung & M. Claudia tom Dieck (ed.), Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, pages 21-32, Springer.
    3. Chiara Garau & Emiliano Ilardi, 2014. "The "Non-Places" Meet the "Places:" Virtual Tours on Smartphones for the Enhancement of Cultural Heritage," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 79-91, January.
    4. Guttentag, Daniel A., 2010. "Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 637-651.
    5. Brian Graham, 2002. "Heritage as Knowledge: Capital or Culture?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 39(5-6), pages 1003-1017, May.
    6. Dai-In Han & Timothy Jung, 2018. "Identifying Tourist Requirements for Mobile AR Tourism Applications in Urban Heritage Tourism," Progress in IS, in: Timothy Jung & M. Claudia tom Dieck (ed.), Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, pages 3-20, Springer.
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    5. Rafał Kaźmierczak & Agnieszka Szczepańska & Cezary Kowalczyk & Grzegorz Grunwald & Artur Janowski, 2021. "Using AR Technology in Tourism Based on the Example of Maritime Educational Trips—A Conceptual Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, June.
    6. Alejandro Valencia-Arias & Paula Rodríguez Correa & Vanessa Garcia-Pineda & Wilmer Londoño & Jefferson Quiroz-Fabra & David García-Arango, 2023. "Identification of the Variables Involved in People’s Intellectual Understanding of Outdoor Cultural and Natural Spaces with the Support of ICT," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-16, May.
    7. Marques da Silva António José, 2021. "In Quest of a New AR Technology Application to Enhance the Sustainability of Cultural Tourism: The Olive Heritage in Madeira Through the Looking Glass of a ‘Sandbox’ Approach," European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, Sciendo, vol. 11(1), pages 66-76, December.
    8. Carlos Carbonell-Carrera & Jose Luis Saorin & Stephany Hess-Medler, 2020. "A Geospatial Thinking Multiyear Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, June.

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