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Stochastic Forecasting of Regional Age-Specific Fertility Rates: An Outlook for German NUTS-3 Regions

Author

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  • Patrizio Vanella

    (Demography Cluster, Department of Health Monitoring & Biometrics, aQua Institute, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
    Chair of Empirical Methods in Social Science and Demography, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
    Working Group of Demographic Methods, German Demographic Society (DGD), 37073 Göttingen, Germany)

  • Max J. Hassenstein

    (Demography Cluster, Department of Health Monitoring & Biometrics, aQua Institute, 37073 Göttingen, Germany)

Abstract

Regional fertility forecasts are important for long-term planning in a variety of fields that include future birth numbers in their forecast, such as school or kindergarten planning. They are one of the major components of regional population forecasts as well. Therefore, it is important to construct reliable forecasts that are based on sophisticated models that cover the high complexity of future regional fertility. We suggest a novel forecast model for forecasting regional age-specific fertility rates that covers long-term trends by time series models, demographic and regional correlations by principal component analysis, and future uncertainty by Monte Carlo simulation. The model is applied to all German NUTS-3 regions (districts/Kreise) simultaneously, where we forecast all regional age-specific fertility rates through the period of 2022–2045. The results from the simulations are presented via median predictions with 75% prediction intervals of the regional total fertility rates. The simulation shows strong regional heterogeneities in long-term fertility trends that are associated with the historical background of Germany, housing supply for families, opportunities for education, and the strength of labor markets, inter alia.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrizio Vanella & Max J. Hassenstein, 2023. "Stochastic Forecasting of Regional Age-Specific Fertility Rates: An Outlook for German NUTS-3 Regions," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:25-:d:1305016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ševčíková, Hana & Alkema, Leontine & Raftery, Adrian, 2011. "bayesTFR: An R package for Probabilistic Projections of the Total Fertility Rate," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 43(i01).
    2. Leontine Alkema & Adrian Raftery & Patrick Gerland & Samuel Clark & François Pelletier & Thomas Buettner & Gerhard Heilig, 2011. "Probabilistic Projections of the Total Fertility Rate for All Countries," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 48(3), pages 815-839, August.
    3. Johann Fuchs & Doris Söhnlein & Brigitte Weber & Enzo Weber, 2018. "Stochastic Forecasting of Labor Supply and Population: An Integrated Model," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 37(1), pages 33-58, February.
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