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Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System

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  • Zainab Saeed Abbas

    (Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

  • Raid Kamel Naji

    (Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

Abstract

The food web is a crucial conceptual tool for understanding the dynamics of energy transfer in an ecosystem, as well as the feeding relationships among species within a community. It also reveals species interactions and community structure. As a result, an ecological food web system with two predators competing for prey while experiencing fear was developed and studied. The properties of the solution of the system were determined, and all potential equilibrium points were identified. The dynamic behavior in their immediate surroundings was examined both locally and globally. The system’s persistence demands were calculated, and all conceivable forms of local bifurcations were investigated. With the aid of MATLAB, a numerical simulation was used to clarify the control set of parameters and comprehend the overall dynamics. For the system to continue, it was determined that extremely high levels of either fear or harvesting lead to the extinction of one of the predator species. Moreover, in contrast to the ecological assumption that if two species are vying for the same resources, population values cannot be constant, this study showed that it is possible for two competing species to subsist on the same resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Zainab Saeed Abbas & Raid Kamel Naji, 2022. "Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(18), pages 1-37, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:18:p:3300-:d:912438
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Érika Diz-Pita & M. Victoria Otero-Espinar, 2021. "Predator–Prey Models: A Review of Some Recent Advances," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(15), pages 1-34, July.
    2. Huda Abdul Satar & Raid Kamel Naji, 2019. "Stability and Bifurcation of a Prey-Predator-Scavenger Model in the Existence of Toxicant and Harvesting," International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, Hindawi, vol. 2019, pages 1-17, March.
    3. Zhang, Huisen & Cai, Yongli & Fu, Shengmao & Wang, Weiming, 2019. "Impact of the fear effect in a prey-predator model incorporating a prey refuge," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 356(C), pages 328-337.
    4. Ahmed Sami Abdulghafour & Raid Kamel Naji, 2018. "A Study of a Diseased Prey-Predator Model with Refuge in Prey and Harvesting from Predator," Journal of Applied Mathematics, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-17, December.
    5. Firas Hussean Maghool & Raid Kamel Naji, 2021. "The Dynamics of a Tritrophic Leslie-Gower Food-Web System with the Effect of Fear," Journal of Applied Mathematics, Hindawi, vol. 2021, pages 1-21, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sk Golam Mortoja & Prabir Panja & Shyamal Kumar Mondal, 2023. "Stability Analysis of Plankton–Fish Dynamics with Cannibalism Effect and Proportionate Harvesting on Fish," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-37, July.
    2. Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim & Raid Kamel Naji, 2023. "The Impact of Fear on a Harvested Prey–Predator System with Disease in a Prey," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-28, June.

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