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Effect of Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Liver Enzymes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Ling Pan

    (Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Jing Sui

    (Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
    Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China)

  • Ying Xu

    (Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Qun Zhao

    (Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Yinyin Cai

    (Institute of Atmospheric Environmental Economics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Guiju Sun

    (Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China)

  • Hui Xia

    (Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China)

Abstract

Although previous studies have presented that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) regulates liver enzyme levels in the development of liver diseases, the evidence regarding the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and liver enzyme is not robust. We further aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to summarize the recent evidence on the effects of PM2.5 on liver enzyme in humans. In the meta-analysis, we retrieved online databases including PubMed and Web of Science database from 1982 up to 2022. A random-effects model was applied to evaluate the correlation between PM2.5 and liver enzyme level. A total of 10 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including five prospective cohort studies, two cross-sectional studies, two longitudinal studies, and one time-series analysis. Each 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was significantly correlated with a 4.45% increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (95% CI: 0.51–8.38%, p = 0.03), a 3.99% increase in aspartate transferase (AST) level (95% CI: 0.88–7.10%, p = 0.01), and a 2.91% increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level (95% CI: 1.18–4.64%, p < 0.001), but this significant association was not observed in alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Subgroup analysis revealed that PM2.5 has a significant correlation with ALT (5.07%, 95% CI: 0.81–9.33%), AST (4.11%, 95% CI: 0.74–7.48%), and GGT (2.74%, 95% CI: 1.09–4.38%) in Asia. Our meta-analysis showed that increments in PM2.5 exposure were significantly associated with a higher level of ALT, AST, and GGT. In addition, investigations into liver enzyme subtypes and specific chemical components of PM2.5 are important directions for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Ling Pan & Jing Sui & Ying Xu & Qun Zhao & Yinyin Cai & Guiju Sun & Hui Xia, 2023. "Effect of Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Liver Enzymes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:2803-:d:1058196
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jing Sui & Hui Xia & Qun Zhao & Guiju Sun & Yinyin Cai, 2022. "Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and the Risk of Chronic Liver Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Jinxia Xu & Wei Zhang & Zhongbing Lu & Fang Zhang & Wenjun Ding, 2017. "Airborne PM 2.5 -Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Nrf2/JNK-Mediated Signaling Pathway," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Hong-Bae Kim & Jae-Yong Shim & Byoungjin Park & Yong-Jae Lee, 2018. "Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Cancer Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, November.
    4. Athanasios Valavanidis & Thomais Vlachogianni & Konstantinos Fiotakis & Spyridon Loridas, 2013. "Pulmonary Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cancer: Respirable Particulate Matter, Fibrous Dusts and Ozone as Major Causes of Lung Carcinogenesis through Reactive Oxygen Species Mechanisms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-22, August.
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