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Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Cancer Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

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  • Hong-Bae Kim

    (Department of Family Medicine, MyongJi Hospital, Hanyang University Medical Center, 14-55 Hwasu-ro, Deokyang-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10475, Korea
    Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Jae-Yong Shim

    (Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
    Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Byoungjin Park

    (Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
    Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, 225 Gumhak-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17046, Korea)

  • Yong-Jae Lee

    (Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
    Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 UnJu-ro, Seoul 06273, Korea)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between main air pollutants and all cancer mortality by performing a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE (a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database of published literature produced by Elsevier), and the reference lists of other reviews until April 2018. A random-effects model was employed to analyze the meta-estimates of each pollutant. A total of 30 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Overall risk estimates of cancer mortality for 10 µg/m 3 per increase of particulate matter (PM) 2.5 , PM 10 , and NO 2 were 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.24), 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04–1.14), and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02–1.10), respectively. With respect to the type of cancer, significant hazardous influences of PM 2.5 were noticed for lung cancer mortality and non-lung cancer mortality including liver cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, and kidney cancer, respectively, while PM 10 had harmful effects on mortality from lung cancer, pancreas cancer, and larynx cancer. Our meta-analysis of cohort studies indicates that exposure to the main air pollutants is associated with increased mortality from all cancers.

Suggested Citation

  • Hong-Bae Kim & Jae-Yong Shim & Byoungjin Park & Yong-Jae Lee, 2018. "Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Cancer Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:11:p:2608-:d:184546
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emad M. El-Omar & Mary Carrington & Wong-Ho Chow & Kenneth E. L. McColl & Jay H. Bream & Howard A. Young & Jesus Herrera & Jolanta Lissowska & Chiu-Chin Yuan & Nathaniel Rothman & George Lanyon & Maur, 2000. "Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer," Nature, Nature, vol. 404(6776), pages 398-402, March.
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    1. Jing Sui & Hui Xia & Qun Zhao & Guiju Sun & Yinyin Cai, 2022. "Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and the Risk of Chronic Liver Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Manuela Chiavarini & Patrizia Rosignoli & Beatrice Sorbara & Irene Giacchetta & Roberto Fabiani, 2024. "Benzene Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(2), pages 1-19, February.
    3. David Rojas-Rueda & Emily Morales-Zamora & Wael Abdullah Alsufyani & Christopher H. Herbst & Salem M. AlBalawi & Reem Alsukait & Mashael Alomran, 2021. "Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-38, January.
    4. Noémie Letellier & Sam E. Wing & Jiue-An Yang & Stacy W. Gray & Tarik Benmarhnia & Loretta Erhunmwunsee & Marta M. Jankowska, 2022. "The Role of Neighborhood Air Pollution Exposure on Somatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Mutations in the Los Angeles Basin (2013–2018)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-10, September.
    5. Yue Wang & Yi Huang & Chen Li, 2023. "The Effects of Air Pollutants on Mortality in the Elderly at Different Ages: A Case of the Prefecture with Most Serious Aging in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-14, November.
    6. Jan Gawełko & Marek Cierpiał-Wolan & Second Bwanakare & Michalina Czarnota, 2022. "Association between Air Pollution and Squamous Cell Lung Cancer in South-Eastern Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-14, September.
    7. Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, 2021. "Why We Will Continue to Lose Our Battle with Cancers If We Do Not Stop Their Triggers from Environmental Pollution," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-19, June.
    8. Vanessa Santos-Sánchez & Juan Antonio Córdoba-Doña & Javier García-Pérez & Antonio Escolar-Pujolar & Lucia Pozzi & Rebeca Ramis, 2020. "Cancer Mortality and Deprivation in the Proximity of Polluting Industrial Facilities in an Industrial Region of Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-15, March.
    9. Ling Pan & Jing Sui & Ying Xu & Qun Zhao & Yinyin Cai & Guiju Sun & Hui Xia, 2023. "Effect of Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Liver Enzymes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-11, February.
    10. Bingkui Qiu & Min Zhou & Yang Qiu & Yuxiang Ma & Chaonan Ma & Jiating Tu & Siqi Li, 2021. "An Integration Method for Regional PM 2.5 Pollution Control Optimization Based on Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-22, December.
    11. Shih-Chiang Hung & Hsiao-Yuan Cheng & Chen-Cheng Yang & Chia-I Lin & Chi-Kung Ho & Wen-Huei Lee & Fu-Jen Cheng & Chao-Jui Li & Hung-Yi Chuang, 2021. "The Association of White Blood Cells and Air Pollutants—A Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, March.
    12. Kung-Min Wang & Kun-Huang Chen & Chrestella Ayu Hernanda & Shih-Hsien Tseng & Kung-Jeng Wang, 2022. "How Is the Lung Cancer Incidence Rate Associated with Environmental Risks? Machine-Learning-Based Modeling and Benchmarking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-19, July.
    13. Miyoun Shin & Ok-Jin Kim & Seongwoo Yang & Seung-Ah Choe & Sun-Young Kim, 2022. "Different Mortality Risks of Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter across Different Cancer Sites," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.
    14. Omolola Okunromade & Jingjing Yin & Clara Ray & Atin Adhikari, 2022. "Air Quality and Cancer Prevalence Trends across the Sub-Saharan African Regions during 2005–2020," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-18, September.

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