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The Italian Validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Its Comparison with Three Time Perspective Inventories

Author

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  • Monica Martoni

    (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy)

  • Marco Fabbri

    (Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy)

  • Paolo Maria Russo

    (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy)

Abstract

The Zimbardo time perspective inventory (ZTPI) is the most well-known and widely used measure of time perspective. However, the assessment of the psychometric properties of the ZTPI reveals several problems, and various short versions have been proposed to overcome these problems. In a large Italian sample (N = 2295; 1326 women; age range 18–74 years), the present study aimed to test a short version of the ZTPI (ZTPI-16) defined by high frequency items (i.e., “good” items), reviewing the items composition of previous alternative short versions of the scale. Beyond the assessment of the factorial structure of this new short ZTPI, we compared the ZTPI-16 to the original ZTPI (ZTPI-56) and another already validated version of the ZTPI in the Italian context, such as Zimbardo’s Stanford time perspective inventory (ZTPI-22), the short version of the ZTPI (ZTPI-30), and the ZTPI-36 proposed analyzing the data from 24 countries. The results confirmed the psychometric problems of the ZTPI-56, whereas the ZTPI-16 reported adequate structural validity and reliability. Moderate-to-strong correlations between same temporal subscales in different ZTPI versions were also found. These data suggest that the review of the “good” items is a new direction in the development of ZTPI versions with good psychometric properties and comparable data among cultures.

Suggested Citation

  • Monica Martoni & Marco Fabbri & Paolo Maria Russo, 2023. "The Italian Validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Its Comparison with Three Time Perspective Inventories," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2590-:d:1053193
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laghi, Fiorenzo & Baiocco, Roberto & Liga, Francesca & Guarino, Angela & Baumgartner, Emma, 2013. "Identity status differences among Italian adolescents: Associations with time perspective," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 482-487.
    2. Fotios Anagnostopoulos & Fay Griva, 2012. "Exploring Time Perspective in Greek Young Adults: Validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Relationships with Mental Health Indicators," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 106(1), pages 41-59, March.
    3. Shipp, Abbie J. & Edwards, Jeffrey R. & Lambert, Lisa Schurer, 2009. "Conceptualization and measurement of temporal focus: The subjective experience of the past, present, and future," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 110(1), pages 1-22, September.
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