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A Global Look at Time

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Sircova
  • Fons J. R. van de Vijver
  • Evgeny Osin
  • Taciano L. Milfont
  • Nicolas Fieulaine
  • Altinay Kislali-Erginbilgic
  • Philip G. Zimbardo

Abstract

In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries ( N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Sircova & Fons J. R. van de Vijver & Evgeny Osin & Taciano L. Milfont & Nicolas Fieulaine & Altinay Kislali-Erginbilgic & Philip G. Zimbardo, 2014. "A Global Look at Time," SAGE Open, , vol. 4(1), pages 21582440135, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:4:y:2014:i:1:p:2158244013515686
    DOI: 10.1177/2158244013515686
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fotios Anagnostopoulos & Fay Griva, 2012. "Exploring Time Perspective in Greek Young Adults: Validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Relationships with Mental Health Indicators," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 106(1), pages 41-59, March.
    2. Wayne Velicer, 1976. "Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 41(3), pages 321-327, September.
    3. Shipp, Abbie J. & Edwards, Jeffrey R. & Lambert, Lisa Schurer, 2009. "Conceptualization and measurement of temporal focus: The subjective experience of the past, present, and future," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 110(1), pages 1-22, September.
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    1. Alexander Unger & Karim Gassemi & Julie Papastamatelou, 2018. "The Effects of Language Use on Time Perspectives in Multilingual Morocco," Psychology and Developing Societies, , vol. 30(2), pages 153-174, September.
    2. Kapoor, Unnati & Sinha, Shuchi, 2022. "Transitions and implications of time perspectives: A qualitative study of early-stage entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 18(C).

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