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The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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  • Ashley Beckett

    (Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK)

  • Jake Riley Scott

    (Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK)

  • Angel Marie Chater

    (Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
    Centre for Behaviour Change (CBC), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK)

  • Louise Ferrandino

    (Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK)

  • Jeffrey William Frederick Aldous

    (Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK)

Abstract

Previous studies consistently report a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among firefighters. However, the clustering of CVD risk factors, defined as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), has received little attention by comparison. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetSyn among firefighters. Using combinations of free text for ‘firefighter’ and ‘metabolic syndrome’, databases were searched for eligible studies. Meta-analyses calculated weighted pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetSyn, its components and overweight/obesity. Univariate meta-regression was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Of 1440 articles screened, 25 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of MetSyn in 31,309 firefighters was 22.3% (95% CI: 17.7–27.0%). The prevalences of MetSyn components were hypertension: 39.1%; abdominal obesity: 37.9%; hypertriglyceridemia: 30.2%; dyslipidemia: 30.1%; and hyperglycemia: 21.1%. Overweight and obesity prevalence rates in firefighters were 44.1% and 35.6%, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that decreased risk of bias (RoB) score and increased body mass index (BMI) were positively associated with an increase in MetSyn prevalence. Since one in five firefighters may meet the criteria for MetSyn, novel interventions should be explored to both prevent MetSyn and reduce the onset of CVD risk factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashley Beckett & Jake Riley Scott & Angel Marie Chater & Louise Ferrandino & Jeffrey William Frederick Aldous, 2023. "The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(19), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:19:p:6814-:d:1246290
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James D. Yates & Jeffrey W. F. Aldous & Daniel P. Bailey & Angel M. Chater & Andrew C. S. Mitchell & Joanna C. Richards, 2021. "The Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension and the Metabolic Syndrome in Police Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-11, June.
    2. Sophia Kwon & George Crowley & Mena Mikhail & Rachel Lam & Emily Clementi & Rachel Zeig-Owens & Theresa M. Schwartz & Mengling Liu & David J. Prezant & Anna Nolan, 2019. "Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers of World Trade Center Airway Hyperreactivity: A 16-Year Prospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, April.
    3. Jean-Pierre Després & Isabelle Lemieux, 2006. "Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome," Nature, Nature, vol. 444(7121), pages 881-887, December.
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