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Derivation and validation of a new visceral adiposity index for predicting visceral obesity and cardiometabolic risk in a Korean population

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  • Sung-Kwan Oh
  • A-Ra Cho
  • Yu-Jin Kwon
  • Hye-Sun Lee
  • Ji-Won Lee

Abstract

Objectives: The visceral adiposity index (VAI), an indirect marker of visceral adipose tissue, serves as a model associated with cardiometabolic risk, but has limitations regarding the Asian population. We sought to develop a new VAI (NVAI) for the Korean population and compare it to VAI for prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and development of major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and stroke. Methods: Patients (969) who underwent visceral fat area measurement were analyzed. After exclusion, 539 patients (142 men, 397 women) were randomly divided into internal (n = 374) and external validation (n = 165) data set. The NVAI was developed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression with backward selection of predictors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and comparison of the area under the curve (AUC) verified the better predictor of ASCVD risk score. Additionally, nationwide population-based cross-sectional survey data (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [KNHANES] 2008–2010, n = 29,235) was used to validate the NVAI’s ability to predict ASCVD risk and major CVD and stroke. Results: The NVAI better reflected visceral fat area in internal and external data sets, with AUCs of 0.911 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.882–0.940) and 0.879 (95% CI: 0.828–0.931), respectively. NVAI better discriminated for ASCVD risk (AUC = 0.892, 95% CI: 0.846–0.938) compared to VAI (0.559, 95% CI: 0.439–0.679). The NVAI also better predicted MI or angina, and stroke with AUCs of 0.771 (95% CI: 0.752–0.789), and 0.812 (95% CI: 0.794–0.830), respectively, compared with waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), TG to HDL ratio, and VAI via KNHANES, in a statistically significant manner. Conclusions: The NVAI has advantages as a predictor of visceral obesity and is significantly associated with ASCVD risks and development of major CVD and stroke in the Korean population. The NVAI could be a screening tool for improved risk estimation related to visceral obesity.

Suggested Citation

  • Sung-Kwan Oh & A-Ra Cho & Yu-Jin Kwon & Hye-Sun Lee & Ji-Won Lee, 2018. "Derivation and validation of a new visceral adiposity index for predicting visceral obesity and cardiometabolic risk in a Korean population," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0203787
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203787
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jean-Pierre Després & Isabelle Lemieux, 2006. "Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome," Nature, Nature, vol. 444(7121), pages 881-887, December.
    2. Luc F. Van Gaal & Ilse L. Mertens & Christophe E. De Block, 2006. "Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease," Nature, Nature, vol. 444(7121), pages 875-880, December.
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    1. Xiue Gao & Wenxue Xie & Shifeng Chen & Junjie Yang & Bo Chen, 2020. "The Prediction of Human Abdominal Adiposity Based on the Combination of a Particle Swarm Algorithm and Support Vector Machine," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-10, February.

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