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Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers of World Trade Center Airway Hyperreactivity: A 16-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Listed:
  • Sophia Kwon

    (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • George Crowley

    (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Mena Mikhail

    (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Rachel Lam

    (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Emily Clementi

    (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Rachel Zeig-Owens

    (Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
    Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA)

  • Theresa M. Schwartz

    (Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
    Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA)

  • Mengling Liu

    (Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Division of Biostatistics, Departments of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • David J. Prezant

    (Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
    Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA)

  • Anna Nolan

    (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
    Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA)

Abstract

Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) related to environmental exposure is a significant public health risk worldwide. Similarly, metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), a risk factor for obstructive airway disease (OAD) and systemic inflammation, is a significant contributor to global adverse health. This prospective cohort study followed N = 7486 World Trade Center (WTC)-exposed male firefighters from 11 September 2001 (9/11) until 1 August 2017 and investigated N = 539 with newly developed AHR for clinical biomarkers of MetSyn and compared them to the non-AHR group. Male firefighters with normal lung function and no AHR pre-9/11 who had blood drawn from 9 September 2001–24 July 2002 were assessed. World Trade Center-Airway Hyperreactivity (WTC-AHR) was defined as either a positive bronchodilator response (BDR) or methacholine challenge test (MCT). The electronic medical record (EMR) was queried for their MetSyn characteristics (lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), glucose), and routine clinical biomarkers (such as complete blood counts). We modeled the association of MetSyn characteristics at the first post-9/11 exam with AHR. Those with AHR were significantly more likely to be older, have higher BMIs, have high intensity exposure, and have MetSyn. Smoking history was not associated with WTC-AHR. Those present on the morning of 9/11 had 224% increased risk of developing AHR, and those who arrived in the afternoon of 9/11 had a 75.9% increased risk. Having ≥3 MetSyn parameters increased the risk of WTC-AHR by 65.4%. Co-existing MetSyn and high WTC exposure are predictive of future AHR and suggest that systemic inflammation may be a contributor.

Suggested Citation

  • Sophia Kwon & George Crowley & Mena Mikhail & Rachel Lam & Emily Clementi & Rachel Zeig-Owens & Theresa M. Schwartz & Mengling Liu & David J. Prezant & Anna Nolan, 2019. "Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers of World Trade Center Airway Hyperreactivity: A 16-Year Prospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:9:p:1486-:d:226344
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Robert M. Brackbill & Judith M. Graber & William A. (Allen) Robison, 2019. "Editorial for “Long-Term Health Effects of the 9/11 Disaster” in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-6, September.
    2. Julia Citron & Emma Willcocks & George Crowley & Sophia Kwon & Anna Nolan, 2019. "Genomics of Particulate Matter Exposure Associated Cardiopulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-11, November.
    3. Ashley Beckett & Jake Riley Scott & Angel Marie Chater & Louise Ferrandino & Jeffrey William Frederick Aldous, 2023. "The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(19), pages 1-14, September.
    4. Lawrence Amsel & Yael M. Cycowicz & Diana V. Rodriguez-Moreno & Keely Cheslack-Postava & Larkin S. McReynolds & George J. Musa & Christina W. Hoven, 2024. "The Long-Term Physical–Psychiatric Comorbidities Related to Childhood Exposure to 9/11 Trauma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-12, July.
    5. Gabriele Grunig & Nedim Durmus & Yian Zhang & Yuting Lu & Sultan Pehlivan & Yuyan Wang & Kathleen Doo & Maria L. Cotrina-Vidal & Roberta Goldring & Kenneth I. Berger & Mengling Liu & Yongzhao Shao & J, 2022. "Molecular Clustering Analysis of Blood Biomarkers in World Trade Center Exposed Community Members with Persistent Lower Respiratory Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-18, July.
    6. Sophia Kwon & Jessica Riggs & George Crowley & Rachel Lam & Isabel R. Young & Christine Nayar & Maria Sunseri & Mena Mikhail & Dean Ostrofsky & Arul Veerappan & Rachel Zeig-Owens & Theresa Schwartz & , 2020. "Food Intake REstriction for Health OUtcome Support and Education (FIREHOUSE) Protocol: A Randomized Clinical Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.
    7. Rachel Lam & Syed H. Haider & George Crowley & Erin J. Caraher & Dean F. Ostrofsky & Angela Talusan & Sophia Kwon & David J. Prezant & Yuyan Wang & Mengling Liu & Anna Nolan, 2020. "Synergistic Effect of WTC-Particulate Matter and Lysophosphatidic Acid Exposure and the Role of RAGE: In-Vitro and Translational Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-22, June.

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