IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i19p11913-d920442.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Lifestyle, Demographic and Socio-Economic Determinants of Mental Health Disorders of Employees in the European Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Dawid Majcherek

    (Department of International Management, Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski

    (World Economy Research Institute, Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska

    (Department of International Management, Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

Ensuring the health and well-being of workers should be a top priority for employers and governments. The aim of the article is to evaluate and rank the importance of mental health determinants: lifestyle, demographic factors and socio-economic status. The research study is based on EHIS 2013–2015 data for a sample of N = 140,791 employees from 30 European countries. The results obtained using machine learning techniques such as gradient-boosted trees and SHAPley values show that the mental health of European employees is strongly determined by the BMI, age and social support from close people. The next vital features are alcohol consumption, an unmet need for health care and sports activity, followed by the affordability of medicine or treatment, income and occupation. The wide range of variables clearly indicates that there is an important role for governments to play in order to minimize the risk of mental disorders across various socio-economic groups. It is also a signal for businesses to help boost the mental health of their employees by creating holistic, mentally friendly working conditions, such as offering time-management training, implementing morning briefings, offering quiet areas, making employees feel valued, educating them about depression and burnout symptoms, and promoting a healthy lifestyle.

Suggested Citation

  • Dawid Majcherek & Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski & Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska, 2022. "Lifestyle, Demographic and Socio-Economic Determinants of Mental Health Disorders of Employees in the European Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:11913-:d:920442
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/19/11913/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/19/11913/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Layard, Richard & Chisholm, Dan & Patel, Vikram & Saxena, Shekhar, 2013. "Mental Illness and Unhappiness," IZA Discussion Papers 7620, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Pevalin, David J. & Reeves, Aaron & Baker, Emma & Bentley, Rebecca, 2017. "The impact of persistent poor housing conditions on mental health: a longitudinal population-based study," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 84580, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Gee, Gilbert C. & Takeuchi, D.T.David T., 2004. "Traffic stress, vehicular burden and well-being: A multilevel analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 59(2), pages 405-414, July.
    4. Wallace, S. & Nazroo, J. & Bécares, L., 2016. "Cumulative effect of racial discrimination on the mental health of ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(7), pages 1294-1300.
    5. Mujcic, R. & Oswald, A.J., 2016. "Evolution of well-being and happiness after increases in consumption of fruit and vegetables," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(8), pages 1504-1510.
    6. Eun-Sun Lee & Subin Park, 2019. "Patterns of Change in Employment Status and Their Association with Self-Rated Health, Perceived Daily Stress, and Sleep among Young Adults in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-11, November.
    7. Jian Wang & Liuna Geng, 2019. "Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Physical and Psychological Health: Lifestyle as a Mediator," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-9, January.
    8. Nele De Cuyper & Hans De Witte & Ulla Kinnunen & Jouko Nätti, 2010. "The Relationship Between Job Insecurity and Employability and Well-Being Among Finnish Temporary and Permanent Employees," International Studies of Management & Organization, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(1), pages 57-73, January.
    9. Marta Pascual & David Cantarero & Paloma Lanza, 2018. "Health polarization and inequalities across Europe: an empirical approach," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 19(8), pages 1039-1051, November.
    10. Yiyi Chen & Ye Liu, 2021. "Which Risk Factors Matter More for Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Application Approach of Gradient Boosting Decision Trees," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-18, May.
    11. Jerzy Kaźmierczyk & Anna Tarasova & Elena Andrianova, 2020. "Outplacement – An employment safety tool but not for everyone. The relationship between job insecurity, new job opportunities and outplacement implementation," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 1723210-172, January.
    12. Janine Quittschalle & Alexander Pabst & Margrit Löbner & Melanie Luppa & Kathrin Heser & Michael Wagner & Hendrik van den Bussche & André Hajek & Hans-Helmut König & Birgitt Wiese & Matthias C. Angerm, 2021. "Association of Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption with Depression Severity in the Oldest Old. Results from the Age Different Old Age Cohort Platform," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-14, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lotte Prevo & Stef Kremers & Maria Jansen, 2020. "Small Successes Make Big Wins: A Retrospective Case Study towards Community Engagement of Low-SES Families," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Irizar, Patricia & Kapadia, Dharmi & Amele, Sarah & Bécares, Laia & Divall, Pip & Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal & Kibuchi, Eliud & Kneale, Dylan & McCabe, Ronan & Nazroo, James & Nellums, Laura B. & T, 2023. "Pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the United Kingdom: A systematic map," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    3. Jin Liu & Ning Jiang & Amy Z. Fan & William W. Thompson & Ruyi Ding & Shiguang Ni, 2023. "Investigating the Associations Between Socioeconomic Factors and Unhealthy Days among Adults Using Zero-inflated Negative Binomial Regression," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, August.
    4. Mengqi Yang & Hong Zhu & Xueyan Li & Weixia Gong & Xiaomei Pang & Danna Lv, 2022. "Study on the Construction of a Health Lifestyle for Older People in the Longevous Area in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, September.
    5. Jaeyeob Jeong & Myeonggil Choi, 2017. "The Expected Job Satisfaction Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention as Career Choice in the Cultural and Artistic Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, September.
    6. Rosenlieb, Evan G. & McAndrews, Carolyn & Marshall, Wesley E. & Troy, Austin, 2018. "Urban development patterns and exposure to hazardous and protective traffic environments," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 125-134.
    7. Lijian Xie & Suhong Zhou & Lin Zhang, 2021. "Associations between Objective and Subjective Housing Status with Individual Mental Health in Guangzhou, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-14, January.
    8. Yuanlin Gu & Hua-Liang Wei, 2018. "Significant Indicators and Determinants of Happiness: Evidence from a UK Survey and Revealed by a Data-Driven Systems Modelling Approach," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-12, March.
    9. Jon Mikel Picabea & Jesús Cámara & Javier Yanci, 2021. "Physical Fitness Profiling of National Category Table Tennis Players: Implication for Health and Performance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-12, September.
    10. Marta Pascual-Sáez & David Cantarero-Prieto & Carla Blázquez-Fernández, 2019. "Partner’s depression and quality of life among older Europeans," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 20(7), pages 1093-1101, September.
    11. Jie Tang & Nanqian Chen & Hailun Liang & Xu Gao, 2022. "The Effect of Built Environment on Physical Health and Mental Health of Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-21, May.
    12. Harjit Sekhon & Andrews Agya Yalley & Sanjit Kumar Roy & Gurvinder Singh Shergill, 2016. "A cross-country study of service productivity," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(5-6), pages 223-238, April.
    13. Francisco Alonso & Cristina Esteban & Adela Gonzalez-Marin & Elisa Alfaro & Sergio A Useche, 2020. "Job stress and emotional exhaustion at work in Spanish workers: Does unhealthy work affect the decision to drive?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, January.
    14. Jason Arday, 2018. "Understanding Mental Health: What Are the Issues for Black and Ethnic Minority Students at University?," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-25, October.
    15. Michał Jaśkiewicz & Tomasz Besta, 2016. "Polish Version of the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS-Poland)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-14, November.
    16. Brent, Daniel & Beland, Louis-Philippe, 2020. "Traffic congestion, transportation policies, and the performance of first responders," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    17. Andrea Serge & Johana Quiroz Montoya & Francisco Alonso & Luis Montoro, 2021. "Socioeconomic Status, Health and Lifestyle Settings as Psychosocial Risk Factors for Road Crashes in Young People: Assessing the Colombian Case," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-22, January.
    18. Yuval Palgi, 2013. "Ongoing Cumulative Chronic Stressors as Predictors of Well-Being in the Second Half of Life," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 1127-1144, August.
    19. Bin Zou & Fen Peng & Neng Wan & Keita Mamady & Gaines J Wilson, 2014. "Spatial Cluster Detection of Air Pollution Exposure Inequities across the United States," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-14, March.
    20. Jerzy Kaźmierczyk & Gulnara Fatykhovna Romashkina & Przemysław Macholak, 2020. "Lifelong learning as an employee retention tool. Comparative banking analysis," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 8(1), pages 1064-1080, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:11913-:d:920442. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.