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Exploring the Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Healthcare Shift Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Norsham Juliana

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Nor Amira Syahira Mohd Azmi

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Nadia Effendy

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia)

  • Sahar Azmani

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Nizam Baharom

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Aza Sherin Mohamad Yusuff

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Izuddin Fahmy Abu

    (Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

Abstract

Background: The recent pandemic of COVID-19 has had a tremendous impact on healthcare frontliners. This study sought to assess healthcare shift workers’ depression, anxiety, and stress and its associated factors. Methods: The sampling frame includes healthcare shift workers directly managing COVID-19 cases around Klang Valley, Malaysia. The participants’ mental health status was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The associated factors specified in this study include sleep quality, physical activities, and eating habits. Pearson’s χ 2 and simple and multivariable binary logistic regression models were constructed following the Hosmer–Lemeshow approach to determine the potential associated factors. Results: A total of 413 participants were recruited. Overall, 40.7% of participants had one or more symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with all mental health outcomes of depression, anxiety, and stress. Inactivity was found to be strongly associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. At the same time, eating habits were strongly associated with anxiety and stress. Conclusions: Sleep quality, inactivity, and eating habits that were found to be associated with the mental health status of healthcare shift workers are modifiable factors that must be addressed to curb mental health issues among this group of workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Norsham Juliana & Nor Amira Syahira Mohd Azmi & Nadia Effendy & Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng & Sahar Azmani & Nizam Baharom & Aza Sherin Mohamad Yusuff & Izuddin Fahmy Abu, 2022. "Exploring the Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Healthcare Shift Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9420-:d:877604
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yufei Li & Nathaniel Scherer & Lambert Felix & Hannah Kuper, 2021. "Prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-19, March.
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    5. Nicola Magnavita & Giovanni Tripepi & Reparata Rosa Di Prinzio, 2020. "Symptoms in Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic. A Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-15, July.
    6. Nor Amira Syahira Mohd Azmi & Norsham Juliana & Sahar Azmani & Nadia Mohd Effendy & Izuddin Fahmy Abu & Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng & Srijit Das, 2021. "Cortisol on Circadian Rhythm and Its Effect on Cardiovascular System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-15, January.
    7. Nor Amira Syahira Mohd Azmi & Norsham Juliana & Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng & Sahar Azmani & Srijit Das & Nadia Effendy, 2020. "Consequences of Circadian Disruption in Shift Workers on Chrononutrition and their Psychosocial Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-17, March.
    8. Irene Teo & Gayathri Devi Nadarajan & Sean Ng & Adithya Bhaskar & Sharon C. Sung & Yin Bun Cheung & Fang Ting Pan & Ali Haedar & Faith Joan Gaerlan & Sheue Fen Ong & Sattha Riyapan & Son Ngoc Do & Chi, 2022. "The Psychological Well-Being of Southeast Asian Frontline Healthcare Workers during COVID-19: A Multi-Country Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-13, May.
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    1. María Molina-Oliva & Rafael Martín-Sánchez & Elena Pastor-Benito & Raúl Soto-Cámara & Rosa M. Cárdaba-García & Israel John Thuissard & Juan José Fernández-Domínguez & María Paz Matellán-Hernández & Su, 2023. "Influence of Previous Mental State on Psychological Outcomes of Spanish Out-of-Hospital Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-16, February.

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