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The Psychological Well-Being of Southeast Asian Frontline Healthcare Workers during COVID-19: A Multi-Country Study

Author

Listed:
  • Irene Teo

    (Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
    Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
    Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore)

  • Gayathri Devi Nadarajan

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
    SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore 169857, Singapore)

  • Sean Ng

    (Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore)

  • Adithya Bhaskar

    (Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore)

  • Sharon C. Sung

    (Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
    Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore)

  • Yin Bun Cheung

    (Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
    Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
    Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland)

  • Fang Ting Pan

    (Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore)

  • Ali Haedar

    (Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Kota Malang 65145, Jawa Timur, Indonesia)

  • Faith Joan Gaerlan

    (Philippine College of Emergency Medicine and University of the Philippines—Philippine General Hospital, Metro Manila 1000, Philippines)

  • Sheue Fen Ong

    (Emergency & Trauma Department, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah 05460, Malaysia)

  • Sattha Riyapan

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand)

  • Son Ngoc Do

    (Center for Critical Care Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
    Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
    Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Chinh Quoc Luong

    (Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
    Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
    Center for Emergency Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Vijaya Rao

    (SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore 169857, Singapore
    Singhealth International Collaboration Office, Singapore 168753, Singapore)

  • Lin Min Soh

    (Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore)

  • Hiang Khoon Tan

    (SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore 169857, Singapore
    Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Marcus Eng Hock Ong

    (Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and job burnout among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) across six Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. We also investigated the associated risk and protective factors. Methods: Frontline HCWs (N = 1381) from the participating countries participated between 4 January and 14 June 2021. The participants completed self-reported surveys on anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), and job burnout (PWLS). Multivariate logistic regressions were performed with anxiety, depression, and job burnout as outcomes and sociodemographic and job characteristics and HCW perceptions as predictors. Results: The average proportion of HCWs reporting moderate anxiety, moderately severe depression, and job burnout across all countries were 10%, 4%, and 20%, respectively. Working longer hours than usual (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.82; 3.51), perceived high job risk (1.98; 2.22), and inadequate personal protective equipment (1.89; 2.11) were associated with increased odds of anxiety and job burnout while working night shifts was associated with increased risk of depression (3.23). Perceived good teamwork was associated with lower odds of anxiety (0.46), depression (0.43), and job burnout (0.39). Conclusion: Job burnout remains a foremost issue among HCWs. Potential opportunities to improve HCW wellness are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Irene Teo & Gayathri Devi Nadarajan & Sean Ng & Adithya Bhaskar & Sharon C. Sung & Yin Bun Cheung & Fang Ting Pan & Ali Haedar & Faith Joan Gaerlan & Sheue Fen Ong & Sattha Riyapan & Son Ngoc Do & Chi, 2022. "The Psychological Well-Being of Southeast Asian Frontline Healthcare Workers during COVID-19: A Multi-Country Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6380-:d:822966
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Patou Masika Musumari & Arunrat Tangmunkongvorakul & Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai & Teeranee Techasrivichien & S Pilar Suguimoto & Masako Ono-Kihara & Masahiro Kihara, 2018. "Grit is associated with lower level of depression and anxiety among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand: A cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Norsham Juliana & Nor Amira Syahira Mohd Azmi & Nadia Effendy & Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng & Sahar Azmani & Nizam Baharom & Aza Sherin Mohamad Yusuff & Izuddin Fahmy Abu, 2022. "Exploring the Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Healthcare Shift Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Francesca Th’ng & Kailing Adriel Rao & Lixia Ge & Hwee Nah Neo & Joseph Antonio De Molina & Wei Yang Lim & Desmond Mao, 2022. "Longitudinal Study Comparing Mental Health Outcomes in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers through the Different Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-27, December.

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