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Self-Reported Sleep Quality Using the Malay Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-M) In Malaysian Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Nor MF Farah

    (Program of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

  • Teh Saw Yee

    (Program of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

  • Hanif Farhan Mohd Rasdi

    (Program of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

Abstract

(1) Background: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a useful tool for the assessment of subjective sleep quality in non-clinical and clinical settings. This study aimed to determine sleep quality in a general Malaysian adult population using a validated Malay version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI-M); (2) Methods: The original PSQI was translated into Malay following forward and backward translation guidelines. The final Malay version was administered to a sample of healthy working adults ( n = 106; mean age: 35.3 ± 7.6 years) without history of sleep disorders. Reliability and agreement were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, intra-class correlations coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and Bland–Altman plot. Convergent validity of PSQI-M was examined with the Malay version of Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS-M) using Pearson’s correlation coefficient; (3) Results: Overall mean PSQI global score was 5.25 ± 1.85. About 45% of the sample had PSQI global score >5, indicating poor sleep quality. Total sleep duration per night was 5.95 ± 1.05 h, below the recommended amount. Sleep quality seems to be affected by age but not gender. Internal consistency as measured by Cronbach’s alpha in the whole sample was 0.74, with test–retest reliability (ICC) of 0.58 and SEM of 1.34. The PSQI test–retest scores indicated that most of the respondents (90%) lay within the 95% limits of agreement. The PSQI-M also showed significant correlation with ESS-M scores ( r = 0.37, p < 0.01); (4) Conclusion: The PSQI-M showed acceptable reliability and is valid to be used in a general Malaysian adult population. Findings also indicate that a majority of the adults in our sample were experiencing inadequate sleep, thus further research is needed to identify the factors associated with poor sleep quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Nor MF Farah & Teh Saw Yee & Hanif Farhan Mohd Rasdi, 2019. "Self-Reported Sleep Quality Using the Malay Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-M) In Malaysian Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:23:p:4750-:d:291454
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wenjie Sun & Yaqin Yu & Jingqin Yuan & Changwei Li & Tingting Liu & Dongdong Lin & Abby Lau & Chongke Zhong & Tan Xu & GuangLiang Shan, 2015. "Sleep Duration and Quality among Different Occupations--China National Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-8, March.
    2. Raudah Mohd Yunus & Syeda Wasfeea Wazid & Noran N Hairi & Wan Yuen Choo & Farizah M Hairi & Rajini Sooryanarayana & Sharifah N Ahmad & Inayah A Razak & Devi Peramalah & Suriyati A Aziz & Zaiton L Moha, 2017. "Association between elder abuse and poor sleep: A cross-sectional study among rural older Malaysians," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-14, July.
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    1. Annurizal Anuar & Abdul Kadir Othman & Siti Noorsuriani Maon & Mohd Redhuan Dzulkipli & Mohd Zulkifli Abdullah & Ramita Abdul Rahim, 2023. "Understanding the Association of Sleep Disorders with Nursing Productivity in Malaysia," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 15(4), pages 163-172.
    2. Norsham Juliana & Nor Amira Syahira Mohd Azmi & Nadia Effendy & Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng & Sahar Azmani & Nizam Baharom & Aza Sherin Mohamad Yusuff & Izuddin Fahmy Abu, 2022. "Exploring the Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Healthcare Shift Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Nor Fareshah Mohd Nasir & Nani Draman & Maryam Mohd Zulkifli & Rosediani Muhamad & Samsul Draman, 2022. "Sleep Quality among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in the East Coast Region of Peninsular Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-13, April.

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