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Trauma-Directed Interaction (TDI): An Adaptation to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Families with a History of Trauma

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  • Robin H. Gurwitch

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA)

  • Christina M. Warner-Metzger

    (Evidence-Based Practices and International Consulting (EPIC), LLC, Chicago, IL 60605, USA)

Abstract

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is one of the strongest evidence-based treatments available for young children and their families. Research has supported the use of PCIT for children with a history of trauma; however, the treatment does not directly address trauma in the child. PCIT is a dyadic treatment; yet, the impact of the carer’s trauma on the carer-child relationship is not assessed or incorporated into treatment. For these reasons, therapists, families, agencies, and funders tend to view PCIT as a trauma treatment with skepticism. PCIT therapists who currently address trauma within the intervention do so without a standardized approach. Trauma-Directed Interaction (TDI) is an adaptation developed to directly address these concerns. TDI maintains the key elements and theoretical underpinnings of PCIT while adding sessions to cover psychoeducation about trauma, carer response to a child’s trauma reactions (SAFE skills), and coping skills to aid both the child and the carer to manage trauma activators (COPE skills). The TDI module creates a consistent strategy for PCIT therapists to address trauma, thus allowing research and replication which will advance the dual fields of PCIT and family trauma. The theoretical conceptualization of TDI is presented along with next steps in its evaluation.

Suggested Citation

  • Robin H. Gurwitch & Christina M. Warner-Metzger, 2022. "Trauma-Directed Interaction (TDI): An Adaptation to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Families with a History of Trauma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-19, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:10:p:6089-:d:817452
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Oscar F. Garcia & Emilia Serra, 2019. "Raising Children with Poor School Performance: Parenting Styles and Short- and Long-Term Consequences for Adolescent and Adult Development," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-24, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lindsay R. Druskin & Robin C. Han & Sharon T. Phillips & Erinn J. Victory & Emily Aman & Jennifer Tiano & Jocelyn Stokes & Cheryl B. McNeil, 2022. "The Dissemination of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy in West Virginia during the Opioid Epidemic and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-20, November.

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