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The Dissemination of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy in West Virginia during the Opioid Epidemic and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Author

Listed:
  • Lindsay R. Druskin

    (Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA)

  • Robin C. Han

    (Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA)

  • Sharon T. Phillips

    (Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA)

  • Erinn J. Victory

    (Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA)

  • Emily Aman

    (Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA)

  • Jennifer Tiano

    (Department of Psychology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA)

  • Jocelyn Stokes

    (Department Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine Eastern Division, West Virginia University, Martinsburg, WV 25401, USA)

  • Cheryl B. McNeil

    (Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA)

Abstract

The devastating impact of the opioid crisis on children and families in West Virginia was compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic and brought to light the critical need for greater mental health services and providers in the state. Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an evidence-based treatment for child externalizing symptoms that teaches parents positive and appropriate strategies to manage child behaviors. The current qualitative study details barriers and facilitators to disseminating and implementing PCIT with opioid-impacted families across West Virginia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapists ( n = 34) who participated in PCIT training and consultation through a State Opioid Response grant were asked to provide data about their experiences with PCIT training, consultation, and implementation. Almost all therapists (91%) reported barriers to telehealth PCIT (e.g., poor internet connection, unpredictability of sessions). Nearly half of therapists’ cases (45%) were impacted directly by parental substance use. Qualitative findings about the impact of telehealth and opioid use on PCIT implementation are presented. The dissemination and implementation of PCIT in a state greatly impacted by poor telehealth capacity and the opioid epidemic differed from the implementation of PCIT training and treatment delivery in other states, highlighting the critical importance of exploring implementation factors in rural settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Lindsay R. Druskin & Robin C. Han & Sharon T. Phillips & Erinn J. Victory & Emily Aman & Jennifer Tiano & Jocelyn Stokes & Cheryl B. McNeil, 2022. "The Dissemination of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy in West Virginia during the Opioid Epidemic and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:15085-:d:974230
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Beveridge, Ryan M. & Fowles, Timothy R. & Masse, Joshua J. & McGoron, Lucy & Smith, Marissa A. & Parrish, Brendt P. & Circo, Gina & Widdoes, Nancy, 2015. "State-wide dissemination and implementation of parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT): Application of theory," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 38-48.
    2. Joseph Henrich & Steven J. Heine & Ara Norenzayan, 2010. "Most people are not WEIRD," Nature, Nature, vol. 466(7302), pages 29-29, July.
    3. Robin H. Gurwitch & Christina M. Warner-Metzger, 2022. "Trauma-Directed Interaction (TDI): An Adaptation to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Families with a History of Trauma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-19, May.
    4. Egan, Ryan & Wilsie, Carisa & Thompson, Yutian & Funderburk, Beverly & Bard, Elizabeth, 2020. "A community evaluation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for children with prenatal substance exposure," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    5. Chase, Rhea M. & Carmody, Karen Appleyard & Lent, Maria & Murphy, Robert & Amaya-Jackson, Lisa & Wray, Erika & Ake, George S. & Sullivan, Kelly & White, Darden & Gurwitch, Robin & Murray, Kathryn, 2019. "Disseminating parent-child interaction therapy through the learning collaborative model on the adoption and implementation of an evidence-based treatment," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 131-141.
    6. Phillips, Sharon & Mychailyszyn, Matthew, 2021. "A review of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT): Applications for youth anxiety," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
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