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Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners

Author

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  • Won-Sang Jung

    (Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea)

  • Sung-Woo Kim

    (Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea)

  • Hun-Young Park

    (Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
    Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea)

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of intermittent interval training in hypoxic conditions for six weeks compared with normoxic conditions, on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, immune function, and athletic performance in middle- and long-distance runners. Twenty athletes were divided into normoxic training (normoxic training group (NTG); n = 10; residing and training at sea level) and hypoxic training (hypoxic training group (HTG); n = 10; residing at sea level but training in 526-mmHg hypobaric hypoxia) groups. All dependent variables were measured before, and after, training. The training frequency was 90 min, 3 d per week for six weeks. Body composition showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the HTG showed more significantly improved athletic performance (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake). The hemodynamic function (e.g., oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and cardiac output) during submaximal exercise and ANS function (e.g., standard deviation and root mean square of successive differences, high frequency, and low/high frequency) improved more in the HTG. Immune function parameters were stable within the normal range before and after training in both groups. Therefore, hypoxic training was more effective in enhancing athletic performance, and improving hemodynamic and ANS function; further, it did not adversely affect immune function in competitive runners.

Suggested Citation

  • Won-Sang Jung & Sung-Woo Kim & Hun-Young Park, 2020. "Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:6:p:1934-:d:332995
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ji Yu Im & Hyun Seok Bang & Dae Yun Seo, 2019. "The Effects of 12 Weeks of a Combined Exercise Program on Physical Function and Hormonal Status in Elderly Korean Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-11, October.
    2. Sung-Woo Kim & Won-Sang Jung & Wonil Park & Hun-Young Park, 2019. "Twelve Weeks of Combined Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Improves Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Enhances Red Blood Cell Hemorheological Function in Obese Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Abdullah Alansare & Ken Alford & Sukho Lee & Tommie Church & Hyun Chul Jung, 2018. "The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Heart Rate Variability in Physically Inactive Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-10, July.
    4. Hun-Young Park & Won-Sang Jung & Jisu Kim & Hyejung Hwang & Sung-Woo Kim & Younghwan An & Haeman Lee & Seonju Jeon & Kiwon Lim, 2020. "Effects of 2-Week Exercise Training in Hypobaric Hypoxic Conditions on Exercise Performance and Immune Function in Korean National Cycling Athletes with Disabilities: A Case Report," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-14, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kyounghwa Jung & Jisu Kim & Hun-Young Park & Won-Sang Jung & Kiwon Lim, 2020. "Hypoxic Pilates Intervention for Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Sung-Woo Kim & Won-Sang Jung & Jeong-Weon Kim & Sang-Seok Nam & Hun-Young Park, 2021. "Aerobic Continuous and Interval Training under Hypoxia Enhances Endurance Exercise Performance with Hemodynamic and Autonomic Nervous System Function in Amateur Male Swimmers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Ailsa Westmacott & Nilihan E. M. Sanal-Hayes & Marie McLaughlin & Jacqueline L. Mair & Lawrence D. Hayes, 2022. "High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in Hypoxia Improves Maximal Aerobic Capacity More Than HIIT in Normoxia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-15, November.

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