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Antibiotic Resistance in Minimally Human-Impacted Environments

Author

Listed:
  • Laura C. Scott

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA)

  • Nicholas Lee

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA)

  • Tiong Gim Aw

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA)

Abstract

Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) have become contaminants of concern in environmental systems. Studies investigating environmental ARB have primarily focused on environments that are greatly impacted by anthropogenic activity. Background concentrations of ARB in natural environments is not well understood. This review summarizes the current literature on the monitoring of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environments less impacted by human activity. Both ARB and ARGs have been detected on the Antarctic continent, on isolated glaciers, and in remote alpine environments. The methods for detecting and quantifying ARB and ARGs from the environment are not standardized and warrant optimization. Further research should be focused on the detection and quantification of ARB and ARGs along human gradients to better characterize the factors leading to their dissemination in remote environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura C. Scott & Nicholas Lee & Tiong Gim Aw, 2020. "Antibiotic Resistance in Minimally Human-Impacted Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:11:p:3939-:d:366348
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vanessa M. D’Costa & Christine E. King & Lindsay Kalan & Mariya Morar & Wilson W. L. Sung & Carsten Schwarz & Duane Froese & Grant Zazula & Fabrice Calmels & Regis Debruyne & G. Brian Golding & Hendri, 2011. "Antibiotic resistance is ancient," Nature, Nature, vol. 477(7365), pages 457-461, September.
    2. Vishal Diwan & Nada Hanna & Manju Purohit & Salesh Chandran & Emilia Riggi & Vivek Parashar & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2018. "Seasonal Variations in Water-Quality, Antibiotic Residues, Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Water and Sediments of the Kshipra River in Central Indi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, June.
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