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Seasonal Variations in Water-Quality, Antibiotic Residues, Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Water and Sediments of the Kshipra River in Central India

Author

Listed:
  • Vishal Diwan

    (Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
    Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
    International Centre for Health Research, Ujjain Charitable Trust Hospital and Research Centre, Ujjain 456001, India
    Shared first authorship.)

  • Nada Hanna

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
    Shared first authorship.)

  • Manju Purohit

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
    Department of Pathology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
    Shared first authorship.)

  • Salesh Chandran

    (HLL Biotech Ltd., Integrated Vaccines Complex, Melaripakkam (Post), Thirukalukundram Taluk, Chengalpattu 603001, India
    Author was employed with Department of Microbiology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India at the time of study.)

  • Emilia Riggi

    (Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
    Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy)

  • Vivek Parashar

    (Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India)

  • Ashok J. Tamhankar

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
    Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Environmental Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
    Shared last authorship.)

  • Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
    Shared last authorship.)

Abstract

Objectives: To characterize the seasonal variation, over one year, in water-quality, antibiotic residue levels, antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from water and sediment of the Kshipra River in Central India. Methods: Water and sediment samples were collected from seven selected points from the Kshipra River in the Indian city of Ujjain in the summer, rainy season, autumn and winter seasons in 2014. Water quality parameters (physical, chemical and microbiological) were analyzed using standard methods. High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of antibiotic residues. In river water and sediment samples, antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance patterns of isolated E. coli to 17 antibiotics were tested and genes coding for resistance and phylogenetic groups were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher tests were applied to determine seasonal variation. Results: In river water, seasonal variation was significantly associated with various water quality parameters, presence of sulfamethoxazole residues, bacteria resistant to ampicillin, cefepime, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, tigecycline, multidrug resistance and CTX-M-1 gene. The majority of the Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates from river water and sediment in all different seasons belonged to phylogenetic group A or B1. Conclusions: Antibiotic pollution, resistance and resistance genes in the Kshipra River showed significant seasonal variation. Guidelines and regulatory standards are needed to control environmental dissemination of these “pollutants” in this holy river.

Suggested Citation

  • Vishal Diwan & Nada Hanna & Manju Purohit & Salesh Chandran & Emilia Riggi & Vivek Parashar & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2018. "Seasonal Variations in Water-Quality, Antibiotic Residues, Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Water and Sediments of the Kshipra River in Central Indi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:6:p:1281-:d:152990
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Manju Raj Purohit & Salesh Chandran & Harshada Shah & Vishal Diwan & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2017. "Antibiotic Resistance in an Indian Rural Community: A ‘One-Health’ Observational Study on Commensal Coliform from Humans, Animals, and Water," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Vishal Diwan & Manju Purohit & Salesh Chandran & Vivek Parashar & Harshada Shah & Vijay K. Mahadik & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg & Ashok J. Tamhankar, 2017. "A Three-Year Follow-Up Study of Antibiotic and Metal Residues, Antibiotic Resistance and Resistance Genes, Focusing on Kshipra—A River Associated with Holy Religious Mass-Bathing in India: Protocol Pa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nada Hanna & Manju Purohit & Vishal Diwan & Salesh P. Chandran & Emilia Riggi & Vivek Parashar & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2020. "Monitoring of Water Quality, Antibiotic Residues, and Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in the Kshipra River in India over a 3-Year Period," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Laura C. Scott & Nicholas Lee & Tiong Gim Aw, 2020. "Antibiotic Resistance in Minimally Human-Impacted Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-12, June.
    3. Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2019. "Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Its Remediation: A Global One Health Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-7, November.

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