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Mechanisms of AMR: Mdr Genes and Antibiotics Decoys Retard the New Antibiotic Discovery against Superbugs

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  • Asit Kumar Chakraborty

    (Department of Biotechnology & Biochemistry, Oriental Institute of Science & Technology, India)

Abstract

Many microorganisms cause lethal diseases in human causing loss of lives and property worldwide. Many antibiotics are used to cure deadly infections for the past 75 years with no difficulty. Recent outbreaks of multi-drug resistant bacteria have caused millions of death every year and physicians do not know how to cure KPC2 Klebsiella kneumoniae, NDM1 Escherichia coli or MRSA Staphylococcus aureus and XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Sadly once used ampicillin, streptomycin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and chlormphenicol are useless against those bacteria. Combination therapy using colistin, imipenem, amakacin, ceftizidime and investigation drug ovibactam sometime are giving good clinical efficacy but not sure. In such a situation, heterogeneous phyto-antibiotics and gene medicines have been welcome by medical authorities but AMR calamity remains as mdr genes (amp, bla, tet, cat, aac, aad, aph,sul etc) moved to conjugative plasmids and chromosome of bacteria with target specific alterations in rRNA and porins genes.

Suggested Citation

  • Asit Kumar Chakraborty, 2017. "Mechanisms of AMR: Mdr Genes and Antibiotics Decoys Retard the New Antibiotic Discovery against Superbugs," Novel Approaches in Drug Designing & Development, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 2(1), pages 1-5, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:adp:jnapdd:v:2:y:2017:i:1:p:1-5
    DOI: 10.19080/NAPDD.2017.02.555576
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    1. Vanessa M. D’Costa & Christine E. King & Lindsay Kalan & Mariya Morar & Wilson W. L. Sung & Carsten Schwarz & Duane Froese & Grant Zazula & Fabrice Calmels & Regis Debruyne & G. Brian Golding & Hendri, 2011. "Antibiotic resistance is ancient," Nature, Nature, vol. 477(7365), pages 457-461, September.
    2. Maryn McKenna, 2013. "Antibiotic resistance: The last resort," Nature, Nature, vol. 499(7459), pages 394-396, July.
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    1. Asit Kumar Chakraborty, 2017. "Enzybiotics, A New Class of Enzyme Antimicrobials Targeted against Multidrug-Resistant Superbugs," Novel Approaches in Drug Designing & Development, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 2(4), pages 71-74, August.

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