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Controlling AMR in the Pig Industry: Is It Enough to Restrict Heavy Metals?

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  • Na Li

    (Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Hongna Li

    (Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Changxiong Zhu

    (Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Chong Liu

    (Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Guofeng Su

    (Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Jianguo Chen

    (Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

Heavy metals have the potential to influence the transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, the effect on AMR caused by heavy metals has not been clearly revealed. In this study, we used a microcosm experiment and metagenomics to examine whether common levels of Cu and Zn in pig manure influence AMR transmission in manured soil. We found that the abundance of 204 ARGs significantly increased after manure application, even though the manure did not contain antibiotic residuals. However, the combined addition of low Cu and Zn (500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively) only caused 14 ARGs to significantly increase, and high Cu and Zn (1000 and 3000 mg/kg, respectively) caused 27 ARGs to significantly increase. The disparity of these numbers suggested that factors within the manure were the primary driving reasons for AMR transmission, rather than metal amendments. A similar trend was found for biocide and metal resistance genes (BMRGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). This study offers deeper insights into AMR transmission in relation to the effects of manure application and heavy metals at commonly reported levels. Our findings recommend that more comprehensive measures in controlling AMR in the pig industry are needed apart from restricting heavy metal additions.

Suggested Citation

  • Na Li & Hongna Li & Changxiong Zhu & Chong Liu & Guofeng Su & Jianguo Chen, 2022. "Controlling AMR in the Pig Industry: Is It Enough to Restrict Heavy Metals?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:18:p:11265-:d:909329
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vanessa M. D’Costa & Christine E. King & Lindsay Kalan & Mariya Morar & Wilson W. L. Sung & Carsten Schwarz & Duane Froese & Grant Zazula & Fabrice Calmels & Regis Debruyne & G. Brian Golding & Hendri, 2011. "Antibiotic resistance is ancient," Nature, Nature, vol. 477(7365), pages 457-461, September.
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