IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i14p2563-d249413.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exploring Student Food Behaviour in Relation to Food Retail over the Time of Implementing Ontario’s School Food and Beverage Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Rhona M. Hanning

    (School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N0B 2J0, Canada)

  • Henry Luan

    (Department of Geography, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA)

  • Taryn A. Orava

    (School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N0B 2J0, Canada)

  • Renata F. Valaitis

    (School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N0B 2J0, Canada)

  • James K. H. Jung

    (School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N0B 2J0, Canada)

  • Rashid Ahmed

    (College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
    New address: College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.)

Abstract

Background: Canadian provincial policies, like Ontario’s School Food and Beverage Policy (P/PM 150), increasingly mandate standards for food and beverages offered for sale at school. Given concerns regarding students leaving school to purchase less healthy foods, we examined student behaviours and competitive food retail around schools in a large urban region of Southern Ontario. Methods: Using a geographic information system (GIS), we enumerated food outlets (convenience stores, fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants) within 500, 1000 and 1500 m of all 389 regional schools spanning years of policy implementation. Consenting grade 6–10 students within 31 randomly selected schools completed a web-based 24-h diet recall (WEB-Q) and questionnaire. Results: Food outlet numbers increased over time ( p < 0.01); post-policy, within 1000 m, they averaged 27.31 outlets, with a maximum of 65 fast-food restaurants around one school. Of WEB-Q respondents ( n = 2075, mean age = 13.4 ± 1.6 years), those who ate lunch at a restaurant/take-out ( n = 84, 4%) consumed significantly more energy (978 vs. 760 kcal), sodium (1556 vs. 1173 mg), and sugar (44.3 vs. 40.1 g). Of elementary and secondary school respondents, 22.1% and 52.4% reported ever eating at fast food outlets during school days. Conclusions: Students have easy access to food retail in school neighbourhoods. The higher energy, sodium and sugar of these options present a health risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Rhona M. Hanning & Henry Luan & Taryn A. Orava & Renata F. Valaitis & James K. H. Jung & Rashid Ahmed, 2019. "Exploring Student Food Behaviour in Relation to Food Retail over the Time of Implementing Ontario’s School Food and Beverage Policy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:14:p:2563-:d:249413
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/14/2563/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/14/2563/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kristian Larsen & Brian Cook & Michelle Stone & Guy Faulkner, 2015. "Food access and children’s BMI in Toronto, Ontario: assessing how the food environment relates to overweight and obesity," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 60(1), pages 69-77, January.
    2. Cullen, K.W. & Zakeri, I., 2004. "Fruits, Vegetables, Milk, and Sweetened Beverages Consumption and Access to à la Carte/Snack Bar Meals at School," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(3), pages 463-467.
    3. Scott Leatherdale & Theodora Pouliou & Dana Church & Erin Hobin, 2011. "The association between overweight and opportunity structures in the built environment: a multi-level analysis among elementary school youth in the PLAY-ON study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 56(3), pages 237-246, June.
    4. Ravensbergen, Léa & Buliung, Ron & Wilson, Kathi & Faulkner, Guy, 2016. "“Socioeconomic inequalities in children's accessibility to food retailing: Examining the roles of mobility and time”," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 81-89.
    5. Kubik, M.Y. & Lytle, L.A. & Hannan, P.J. & Perry, C.L. & Story, M., 2003. "The Association of the School Food Environment with Dietary Behaviors of Young Adolescents," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(7), pages 1168-1173.
    6. Meizi He & Patricia Tucker & Jason Gilliland & Jennifer D. Irwin & Kristian Larsen & Paul Hess, 2012. "The Influence of Local Food Environments on Adolescents’ Food Purchasing Behaviors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-14, April.
    7. Danielle Wiggers & Mark Asbridge & N. Bruce Baskerville & Jessica L. Reid & David Hammond, 2019. "Exposure to Caffeinated Energy Drink Marketing and Educational Messages among Youth and Young Adults in Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-11, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Deda Ogum-Alangea & Richmond N O Aryeetey & Heewon L Gray & Amos K Laar & Richard M K Adanu, 2020. "Basic school pupils’ food purchases during mid-morning break in urban Ghanaian schools," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Anthony Winson, 2008. "School food environments and the obesity issue: content, structural determinants, and agency in Canadian high schools," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 25(4), pages 499-511, December.
    3. Tona M. Pitt & Janet Aucoin & Tate HubkaRao & Suzanne Goopy & Jason Cabaj & Brent Hagel & Gavin R. McCormack, 2021. "The Relationship of Urban Form on Children and Adolescent Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Canadian Evidence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-12, April.
    4. Laura Seliske & William Pickett & Andrei Rosu & Ian Janssen, 2012. "Identification of the Appropriate Boundary Size to Use When Measuring the Food Retail Environment Surrounding Schools," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-13, July.
    5. Krølner, Rikke & Due, Pernille & Rasmussen, Mette & Damsgaard, Mogens Trab & Holstein, Bjørn E. & Klepp, Knut-Inge & Lynch, John, 2009. "Does school environment affect 11-year-olds' fruit and vegetable intake in Denmark?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(8), pages 1416-1424, April.
    6. Borovoy, Amy & Roberto, Christina A., 2015. "Japanese and American public health approaches to preventing population weight gain: A role for paternalism?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 62-70.
    7. Li, Jingjing & Kim, Changjoo & Sang, Sunhee, 2018. "Exploring impacts of land use characteristics in residential neighborhood and activity space on non-work travel behaviors," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 141-147.
    8. Ishdorj, Ariun & Crepinsek, Mary Kay & Jensen, Helen H., 2012. "Children’s Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables: Do School Environment and Policies Affect Choice in School Meals?," 2012 AAEA/EAAE Food Environment Symposium 123534, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    9. Ariun Ishdorj & Mary Kay Crepinsek & Helen H. Jensen, 2013. "Children's Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables: Do School Environment and Policies Affect Choices at School and Away from School?," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 35(2), pages 341-359.
    10. Trésor Carsi Kuhangana & Taty Muta Musambo & Joseph Pyana Kitenge & Tony Kayembe-Kitenge & Arlène Kazadi Ngoy & Paul Musa Obadia & Célestin Banza Lubaba Nkulu & Angélique Kamugisha & Eric Deconinck & , 2021. "Energy Drink Consumption among Adolescents Attending Schools in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-12, July.
    11. Ching-Jung Yu & Jung-Chieh Du & Hsien-Chih Chiou & Chun-Cheng Feng & Ming-Yi Chung & Winnie Yang & Ying-Sheue Chen & Ling-Chu Chien & Betau Hwang & Mei-Lien Chen, 2016. "Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Is Adversely Associated with Childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, July.
    12. Choi, Seul Ki & Frongillo, Edward A. & Blake, Christine E. & Thrasher, James F., 2019. "Why are restricted food items still sold after the implementation of the school store policy? the case of South Korea," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 161-169.
    13. Felicia J. Setiono & Navika Gangrade & Tashara M. Leak, 2021. "U.S. Adolescents’ Diet Consumption Patterns Differ between Grocery and Convenience Stores: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-11, August.
    14. Patricia M. Anderson & Kristin F. Butcher, 2004. "Reading, writing, and raisinets: are school finances contributing to children’s obesity?," Working Paper Series WP-04-16, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    15. Hall, Brian J. & Huang, Lei & Yi, Grace & Latkin, Carl, 2021. "Fast food restaurant density and weight status: A spatial analysis among Filipina migrant workers in Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    16. Carolin V. Zorell, 2022. "Central Persons in Sustainable (Food) Consumption," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-17, March.
    17. Richard Casey Sadler & Kristian Larsen, 2022. "Mapping the Way to Good Health: The Interdisciplinary Challenges of Geographers in Medical Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-13, September.
    18. Jianwei Shi & Duxun Tan & Huilin Xie & Beilei Yang & Rui Liu & Dehua Yu & Yuan Lu & Bing Mei & Zhaoxin Wang, 2017. "Unequal Distribution of Overweight Adolescents in Immigrant-Rich Areas: Analysis of Disparities among Public and Private School Students in Shanghai, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, March.
    19. Nan-He Yoon & Changwoo Shon, 2020. "Convenience Store Use and the Health of Urban Adolescents in Seoul, South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-13, September.
    20. Cayley E. Velazquez & Jennifer L. Black & Monique Potvin Kent, 2017. "Food and Beverage Marketing in Schools: A Review of the Evidence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:14:p:2563-:d:249413. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.