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Traditional Bullying, Cyberbullying and Mental Health in Early Adolescents: Forgiveness as a Protective Factor of Peer Victimisation

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  • Cirenia Quintana-Orts

    (Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain)

  • Lourdes Rey

    (Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain)

Abstract

Traditional and online bullying are prevalent throughout adolescence. Given their negative consequences, it is necessary to seek protective factors to reduce or even prevent their detrimental effects in the mental health of adolescents before they become chronic. Previous studies have demonstrated the protective role of forgiveness in mental health after several transgressions. This study assessed whether forgiveness moderated the effects of bullying victimisation and cybervictimisation on mental health in a sample of 1044 early adolescents (527 females; M = 13.09 years; SD = 0.77). Participants completed a questionnaire battery that measures both forms of bullying victimisation, suicidal thoughts and behaviours, satisfaction with life, and forgiveness. Consistent with a growing body of research, results reveal that forgiveness is a protective factor against the detrimental effects of both forms of bullying. Among more victimised and cybervictimised adolescents, those with high levels of forgiveness were found to report significantly higher levels of satisfaction compared to those with low levels of forgiveness. Likewise, those reporting traditional victimisation and higher levels of forgiveness levels showed lower levels of suicidal risk. Our findings contribute to an emerging relationship between forgiveness after bullying and indicators of mental health, providing new areas for research and intervention.

Suggested Citation

  • Cirenia Quintana-Orts & Lourdes Rey, 2018. "Traditional Bullying, Cyberbullying and Mental Health in Early Adolescents: Forgiveness as a Protective Factor of Peer Victimisation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:11:p:2389-:d:178839
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sara B. Låftman & Bitte Modin, 2017. "Peer Victimization among Classmates—Associations with Students’ Internalizing Problems, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-10, October.
    2. Page Moore & E. Huebner & Kimberly Hills, 2012. "Electronic Bullying and Victimization and Life Satisfaction in Middle School Students," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 107(3), pages 429-447, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ko Ling Chan, 2019. "Child Victimization in the Context of Family Violence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-5, September.
    2. María C. Martínez-Monteagudo & Beatriz Delgado & Cándido J. Inglés & Raquel Escortell, 2020. "Cyberbullying and Social Anxiety: A Latent Class Analysis among Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, January.
    3. Lourdes Rey & Cirenia Quintana-Orts & Sergio Mérida-López & Natalio Extremera, 2020. "The Relationship between Personal Resources and Depression in a Sample of Victims of Cyberbullying: Comparison of Groups with and without Symptoms of Depression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Manuel Pabón-Carrasco & Lucia Ramirez-Baena & Nerea Jiménez-Picón & José Antonio Ponce Blandón & José Manuel Martínez-Montilla & Raúl Martos-García, 2019. "Influence of Personality Traits and Its Interaction with the Phenomenon of Bullying: Multi-Centre Descriptive Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Jessica Ortega-Barón & Sofía Buelga & Ester Ayllón & Belén Martínez-Ferrer & María-Jesús Cava, 2019. "Effects of Intervention Program Prev@cib on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-13, February.
    6. Susanne Schwager & Uwe Berger & Anni Glaeser & Bernhard Strauss & Katharina Wick, 2019. "Evaluation of “Healthy Learning. Together”, an Easily Applicable Mental Health Promotion Tool for Students Aged 9 to 18 Years," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, February.
    7. María Carmen Martínez-Monteagudo & Beatriz Delgado & José Manuel García-Fernández & Esther Rubio, 2019. "Cyberbullying, Aggressiveness, and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-14, December.

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