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Survey on Tuberculosis Patients in Rural Areas in China: Tracing the Role of Stigma in Psychological Distress

Author

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  • Minlan Xu

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan 250012, China
    Department of Social Work, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Urban Markström

    (Department of Social Work, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Juncheng Lyu

    (Department of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China)

  • Lingzhong Xu

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan 250012, China)

Abstract

Depressed patients had risks of non-adherence to medication, which brought a big challenge for the control of tuberculosis (TB). The stigma associated with TB may be the reason for distress. This study aimed to assess the psychological distress among TB patients living in rural areas in China and to further explore the relation of experienced stigma to distress. This study was a cross-sectional study with multi-stage randomized sampling for recruiting TB patients. Data was collected by the use of interviewer-led questionnaires. A total of 342 eligible and accessible TB patients being treated at home were included in the survey. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Experienced stigma was measured using a developed nine-item stigma questionnaire. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the variables related to distress, respectively. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the strength of the associations. Finally, the prediction of logistic model was assessed in form of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC). According to the referred cut-off point from K10, this study revealed that 65.2% (223/342) of the participants were categorized as having psychological distress. Both the stigma questionnaire and the K10 were proven to be reliable and valid in measurement. Further analysis found that experienced stigma and illness severity were significant variables to psychological distress in the model of logistic regression. The model was assessed well in predicting distress by use of experienced stigma and illness severity in form of ROC and AUC. Rural TB patients had a high prevalence of psychological distress. Experience of stigma played a significant role in psychological distress. To move the barrier of stigma from the surroundings could be a good strategy in reducing distress for the patients and TB controlling for public health management.

Suggested Citation

  • Minlan Xu & Urban Markström & Juncheng Lyu & Lingzhong Xu, 2017. "Survey on Tuberculosis Patients in Rural Areas in China: Tracing the Role of Stigma in Psychological Distress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-9, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:10:p:1171-:d:114066
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mak, Winnie W.S. & Poon, Cecilia Y.M. & Pun, Loraine Y.K. & Cheung, Shu Fai, 2007. "Meta-analysis of stigma and mental health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 245-261, July.
    2. Minlan Xu & Urban Markström & Juncheng Lyu & Lingzhong Xu, 2017. "Detection of Low Adherence in Rural Tuberculosis Patients in China: Application of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-10, March.
    3. Johansson, E. & Long, N. H. & Diwan, V. K. & Winkvist, A., 2000. "Gender and tuberculosis control: Perspectives on health seeking behaviour among men and women in Vietnam," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 33-51, May.
    4. Long, Nguyen Hoang & Johansson, Eva & Diwan, Vinod K. & Winkvist, Anna, 2001. "Fear and social isolation as consequences of tuberculosis in VietNam: a gender analysis," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 69-81, October.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    stigma; psychological distress; K10; scale; tuberculosis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K10 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - General (Constitutional Law)

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