IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v14y2017i10p1171-d114066.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Survey on Tuberculosis Patients in Rural Areas in China: Tracing the Role of Stigma in Psychological Distress

Author

Listed:
  • Minlan Xu

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan 250012, China
    Department of Social Work, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Urban Markström

    (Department of Social Work, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Juncheng Lyu

    (Department of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China)

  • Lingzhong Xu

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan 250012, China)

Abstract

Depressed patients had risks of non-adherence to medication, which brought a big challenge for the control of tuberculosis (TB). The stigma associated with TB may be the reason for distress. This study aimed to assess the psychological distress among TB patients living in rural areas in China and to further explore the relation of experienced stigma to distress. This study was a cross-sectional study with multi-stage randomized sampling for recruiting TB patients. Data was collected by the use of interviewer-led questionnaires. A total of 342 eligible and accessible TB patients being treated at home were included in the survey. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Experienced stigma was measured using a developed nine-item stigma questionnaire. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the variables related to distress, respectively. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the strength of the associations. Finally, the prediction of logistic model was assessed in form of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC). According to the referred cut-off point from K10, this study revealed that 65.2% (223/342) of the participants were categorized as having psychological distress. Both the stigma questionnaire and the K10 were proven to be reliable and valid in measurement. Further analysis found that experienced stigma and illness severity were significant variables to psychological distress in the model of logistic regression. The model was assessed well in predicting distress by use of experienced stigma and illness severity in form of ROC and AUC. Rural TB patients had a high prevalence of psychological distress. Experience of stigma played a significant role in psychological distress. To move the barrier of stigma from the surroundings could be a good strategy in reducing distress for the patients and TB controlling for public health management.

Suggested Citation

  • Minlan Xu & Urban Markström & Juncheng Lyu & Lingzhong Xu, 2017. "Survey on Tuberculosis Patients in Rural Areas in China: Tracing the Role of Stigma in Psychological Distress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-9, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:10:p:1171-:d:114066
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/10/1171/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/10/1171/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mak, Winnie W.S. & Poon, Cecilia Y.M. & Pun, Loraine Y.K. & Cheung, Shu Fai, 2007. "Meta-analysis of stigma and mental health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 245-261, July.
    2. Minlan Xu & Urban Markström & Juncheng Lyu & Lingzhong Xu, 2017. "Detection of Low Adherence in Rural Tuberculosis Patients in China: Application of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-10, March.
    3. Johansson, E. & Long, N. H. & Diwan, V. K. & Winkvist, A., 2000. "Gender and tuberculosis control: Perspectives on health seeking behaviour among men and women in Vietnam," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 33-51, May.
    4. Long, Nguyen Hoang & Johansson, Eva & Diwan, Vinod K. & Winkvist, Anna, 2001. "Fear and social isolation as consequences of tuberculosis in VietNam: a gender analysis," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 69-81, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Craig, Sienna R. & Adams, Lisa V. & Spielberg, Stephen P. & Campbell, Benjamin, 2009. "Pediatric therapeutics and medicine administration in resource-poor settings: A review of barriers and an agenda for interdisciplinary approaches to improving outcomes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 1681-1690, December.
    2. Needham, Dale M. & Bowman, Dennis & Foster, Susan D. & Godfrey-Faussett, Peter, 2004. "Patient care seeking barriers and tuberculosis programme reform: a qualitative study," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(1), pages 93-106, January.
    3. Hoa, Nguyen Phuong & Chuc, Nguyen Thi Kim & Thorson, Anna, 2009. "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about tuberculosis and choice of communication channels in a rural community in Vietnam," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 8-12, April.
    4. Thorson, A. & Johansson, E., 2004. "Equality or equity in health care access: a qualitative study of doctors' explanations to a longer doctor's delay among female TB patients in Vietnam," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 37-46, April.
    5. Sebsibe Tadesse, 2016. "Stigma against Tuberculosis Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(4), pages 1-11, April.
    6. Néstor Njejimana & Lucía Gómez-Tatay & José Miguel Hernández-Andreu, 2021. "HIV–AIDS Stigma in Burundi: A Qualitative Descriptive Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-16, September.
    7. Daftary, Amrita, 2012. "HIV and tuberculosis: The construction and management of double stigma," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(10), pages 1512-1519.
    8. O'Donnell, Aisling T. & Foran, Aoife-Marie, 2024. "The link between anticipated and internalized stigma and depression: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    9. Bill McCarthy & Mikael Jansson & Cecilia Benoit, 2021. "Job Attributes and Mental Health: A Comparative Study of Sex Work and Hairstyling," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-21, January.
    10. Hoke, Morgan K. & Boen, Courtney E., 2021. "The health impacts of eviction: Evidence from the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    11. Macq, Jean & Solis, Alejandro & Martinez, Guillermo & Martiny, Patrick & Dujardin, Bruno, 2005. "An exploration of the social stigma of tuberculosis in five "municipios" of Nicaragua to reflect on local interventions," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 205-217, October.
    12. Fernando Molero & Patricia Recio & Cristina García-Ael & María Fuster & Pilar Sanjuán, 2013. "Measuring Dimensions of Perceived Discrimination in Five Stigmatized Groups," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 114(3), pages 901-914, December.
    13. Coreil, Jeannine & Mayard, Gladys & Simpson, Kelly M. & Lauzardo, Michael & Zhu, Yiliang & Weiss, Mitchell, 2010. "Structural forces and the production of TB-related stigma among Haitians in two contexts," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(8), pages 1409-1417, October.
    14. Rajeswari, R. & Muniyandi, M. & Balasubramanian, R. & Narayanan, P.R., 2005. "Perceptions of tuberculosis patients about their physical, mental and social well-being: a field report from south India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(8), pages 1845-1853, April.
    15. Xu-Hong Li & Tian-Ming Zhang & Yuen Yum Yau & Yi-Zhou Wang & Yin-Ling Irene Wong & Lawrence Yang & Xiao-li Tian & Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan & Mao-Sheng Ran, 2021. "Peer-to-peer contact, social support and self-stigma among people with severe mental illness in Hong Kong," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 67(6), pages 622-631, September.
    16. Kellogg, Alexander J. & Hancock, David W. & Cho, Grace Y. & Reid, Allecia E., 2023. "Community-level age bias and older adult mortality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    17. Cadden, Margaret H. & Arnett, Peter A. & Tyry, Tuula M. & Cook, Jonathan E., 2018. "Judgment hurts: The psychological consequences of experiencing stigma in multiple sclerosis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 158-164.
    18. Miller, Carol T. & Solomon, Sondra E. & Varni, Susan E. & Hodge, James J. & Knapp, F. Andrew & Bunn, Janice Y., 2016. "A transactional approach to relationships over time between perceived HIV stigma and the psychological and physical well-being of people with HIV," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 97-105.
    19. Rachel M Anderson de Cuevas & Najla Al-Sonboli & Nasher Al-Aghbari & Mohammed A Yassin & Luis E Cuevas & Sally J Theobald, 2014. "Barriers to Completing TB Diagnosis in Yemen: Services Should Respond to Patients' Needs," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(9), pages 1-8, September.
    20. Kellogg, Alexander J. & Hancock, David W. & Cho, Grace Y. & Reid, Allecia E., 2023. "Reprint of: Community-level age bias and older adult mortality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    stigma; psychological distress; K10; scale; tuberculosis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K10 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - General (Constitutional Law)

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:10:p:1171-:d:114066. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.