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Meta-analysis of stigma and mental health

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  • Mak, Winnie W.S.
  • Poon, Cecilia Y.M.
  • Pun, Loraine Y.K.
  • Cheung, Shu Fai

Abstract

Recent research has emphasized the adverse effects of stigma on minority groups' mental health. Governments and service agencies have put much effort into combating stigma against a variety of conditions. Nevertheless, previous empirical research on the stigma-mental health relationship has yielded inconclusive findings, varying from strong negative to zero correlations. Thus, whether stigma is related significantly to mental health is yet to be confirmed. Using meta-analysis, the associations between stigma and mental health from 49 empirical studies were examined across various stigmatized conditions and mental health indices. Possible moderators were also explored. The mean correlation between stigma and average mental health scores corrected for sampling error, unreliability, and other artifacts was -.28 (N=10,567, k=52). No strong moderators were found, yet meaningful patterns were observed. Implications of the results are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Mak, Winnie W.S. & Poon, Cecilia Y.M. & Pun, Loraine Y.K. & Cheung, Shu Fai, 2007. "Meta-analysis of stigma and mental health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 245-261, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:65:y:2007:i:2:p:245-261
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    1. Burke, Sara E. & Calabrese, Sarah K. & Dovidio, John F. & Levina, Olga S. & Uusküla, Anneli & Niccolai, Linda M. & Abel-Ollo, Katri & Heimer, Robert, 2015. "A tale of two cities: Stigma and health outcomes among people with HIV who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia and Kohtla-Järve, Estonia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 154-161.
    2. Betancourt, Theresa S. & Agnew-Blais, Jessica & Gilman, Stephen E. & Williams, David R. & Ellis, B. Heidi, 2010. "Past horrors, present struggles: The role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 17-26, January.
    3. Bill McCarthy & Mikael Jansson & Cecilia Benoit, 2021. "Job Attributes and Mental Health: A Comparative Study of Sex Work and Hairstyling," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-21, January.
    4. Inglis, Greig & McHardy, Fiona & Sosu, Edward & McAteer, John & Biggs, Hannah, 2019. "Health inequality implications from a qualitative study of experiences of poverty stigma in Scotland," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 43-49.
    5. Xu-Hong Li & Tian-Ming Zhang & Yuen Yum Yau & Yi-Zhou Wang & Yin-Ling Irene Wong & Lawrence Yang & Xiao-li Tian & Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan & Mao-Sheng Ran, 2021. "Peer-to-peer contact, social support and self-stigma among people with severe mental illness in Hong Kong," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 67(6), pages 622-631, September.
    6. Néstor Njejimana & Lucía Gómez-Tatay & José Miguel Hernández-Andreu, 2021. "HIV–AIDS Stigma in Burundi: A Qualitative Descriptive Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-16, September.
    7. Kellogg, Alexander J. & Hancock, David W. & Cho, Grace Y. & Reid, Allecia E., 2023. "Community-level age bias and older adult mortality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    8. Cadden, Margaret H. & Arnett, Peter A. & Tyry, Tuula M. & Cook, Jonathan E., 2018. "Judgment hurts: The psychological consequences of experiencing stigma in multiple sclerosis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 158-164.
    9. Kellogg, Alexander J. & Hancock, David W. & Cho, Grace Y. & Reid, Allecia E., 2023. "Reprint of: Community-level age bias and older adult mortality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    10. Hoke, Morgan K. & Boen, Courtney E., 2021. "The health impacts of eviction: Evidence from the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    11. Minlan Xu & Urban Markström & Juncheng Lyu & Lingzhong Xu, 2017. "Survey on Tuberculosis Patients in Rural Areas in China: Tracing the Role of Stigma in Psychological Distress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-9, October.
    12. Pilar Sanjuán & Fernando Molero & María Fuster & Encarnación Nouvilas, 2013. "Coping with HIV Related Stigma and Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 709-722, April.
    13. Livingston, James D. & Boyd, Jennifer E., 2010. "Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(12), pages 2150-2161, December.
    14. Carmen H Logie & Jesse I R Jenkinson & Valerie Earnshaw & Wangari Tharao & Mona R Loutfy, 2016. "A Structural Equation Model of HIV-Related Stigma, Racial Discrimination, Housing Insecurity and Wellbeing among African and Caribbean Black Women Living with HIV in Ontario, Canada," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(9), pages 1-20, September.
    15. Fernando Molero & Patricia Recio & Cristina García-Ael & María Fuster & Pilar Sanjuán, 2013. "Measuring Dimensions of Perceived Discrimination in Five Stigmatized Groups," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 114(3), pages 901-914, December.
    16. O'Donnell, Aisling T. & Foran, Aoife-Marie, 2024. "The link between anticipated and internalized stigma and depression: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    17. Mao-Sheng Ran & Tian-Ming Zhang & Irene Yin-Ling Wong & Xin Yang & Chang-Cheng Liu & Bo Liu & Wei Luo & Wei-Hong Kuang & Graham Thornicroft & Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan, 2018. "Internalized stigma in people with severe mental illness in rural China," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 64(1), pages 9-16, February.
    18. Samira Alfayumi-Zeadna & Lena Gnaim-Abu Touma & Maya Weinreich & Norm O’Rourke, 2022. "COVID-19 and Mental Health of Minority Arab Higher-Education Students in Israel: Social, Economic, and Academic Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-12, October.
    19. Ka-Fai Chung & Samson Tse & Chit-Tat Lee & Michael Ming-Cheuk Wong & Wing-Man Chan, 2019. "Experience of stigma among mental health service users in Hong Kong: Are there changes between 2001 and 2017?," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 65(1), pages 64-72, February.
    20. Miller, Carol T. & Solomon, Sondra E. & Varni, Susan E. & Hodge, James J. & Knapp, F. Andrew & Bunn, Janice Y., 2016. "A transactional approach to relationships over time between perceived HIV stigma and the psychological and physical well-being of people with HIV," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 97-105.

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