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Investigation of a High Head Francis Turbine at Runaway Operating Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Chirag Trivedi

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway)

  • Michel J. Cervantes

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
    Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden)

  • B. K. Gandhi

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India)

Abstract

Hydraulic turbines exhibit total load rejection during operation because of high fluctuations in the grid parameters. The generator reaches no-load instantly. Consequently, the turbine runner accelerates to high speed, runaway speed, in seconds. Under common conditions, stable runaway is only reached if after a load rejection, the control and protection mechanisms both fail and the guide vanes cannot be closed. The runner life is affected by the high amplitude pressure loading at the runaway speed. A model Francis turbine was used to investigate the consequences at the runaway condition. Measurements and simulations were performed at three operating points. The numerical simulations were performed using standard k -ε, k -ω shear stress transport (SST) and scale-adaptive simulation (SAS) models. A total of 12.8 million hexahedral mesh elements were created in the complete turbine, from the spiral casing inlet to the draft tube outlet. The experimental and numerical analysis showed that the runner was subjected to an unsteady pressure loading up to three-times the pressure loading observed at the best efficiency point. Investigates of unsteady pressure pulsations at the vaneless space, runner and draft tube are discussed in the paper. Further, unsteady swirling flow in the blade passages was observed that was rotating at a frequency of 4.8-times the runaway runner angular speed. Apart from the unsteady pressure loading, the development pattern of the swirling flow in the runner is discussed in the paper.

Suggested Citation

  • Chirag Trivedi & Michel J. Cervantes & B. K. Gandhi, 2016. "Investigation of a High Head Francis Turbine at Runaway Operating Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:3:p:149-:d:64892
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Trivedi, Chirag & Gandhi, Bhupendra K. & Cervantes, Michel J. & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar, 2015. "Experimental investigations of a model Francis turbine during shutdown at synchronous speed," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 828-836.
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    2. Xing Zhou & Changzheng Shi & Kazuyoshi Miyagawa & Hegao Wu & Jinhong Yu & Zhu Ma, 2020. "Investigation of Pressure Fluctuation and Pulsating Hydraulic Axial Thrust in Francis Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, April.
    3. Kan, Kan & Xu, Zhe & Chen, Huixiang & Xu, Hui & Zheng, Yuan & Zhou, Daqing & Muhirwa, Alexis & Maxime, Binama, 2022. "Energy loss mechanisms of transition from pump mode to turbine mode of an axial-flow pump under bidirectional conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    4. Nirmal Acharya & Saroj Gautam & Sailesh Chitrakar & Chirag Trivedi & Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug, 2021. "Leakage Vortex Progression through a Guide Vane’s Clearance Gap and the Resulting Pressure Fluctuation in a Francis Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-19, July.
    5. Keyun Zhuang & Chaodan Gao & Ze Li & Donglin Yan & Xiangqian Fu, 2018. "Dynamic Analyses of the Hydro-Turbine Generator Shafting System Considering the Hydraulic Instability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, October.
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    14. Goyal, Rahul & Gandhi, Bhupendra K., 2018. "Review of hydrodynamics instabilities in Francis turbine during off-design and transient operations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 697-709.
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