IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i5p1143-d1600037.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Simulation of Combined Aging Effects for Battery Operated Trains: A Benchmark Case Study on the Line Between Reggio Calabria and Catanzaro

Author

Listed:
  • Luca Pugi

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, France)

  • Tommaso Elios Povolato

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, France)

  • Nico Tiezzi

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, France)

Abstract

The expected life and reliability of components is a critical aspect for railway applications where the expected life and maintenance intervals of rolling stock are quite demanding issues both in terms of equivalent mileage and duration. For these reasons, when the mileage of the mission is within 100 km, adopted accumulators are based on lithium titanate chemistry, which, despite a relatively low density, ensures a very long operational life both in terms of cycle and time aging. In this work, the authors introduce a benchmark test case, an Italian line between Reggio Calabria and Catanzaro, in which the required autonomy, more than 170 km, involves the usage of high-energy batteries such as LiNMC or LiFePO 4 derived from corresponding automotive applications. In this work, the authors propose a simulation model based on IEC 62864-1:2016 to investigate how the combined effect of cycle and time aging should influence in different ways the design of the system and how relatively small interventions such as the partial electrification of a small intermediate section of the line should improve the overall stability and reliability of the performed engineering analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Luca Pugi & Tommaso Elios Povolato & Nico Tiezzi, 2025. "Simulation of Combined Aging Effects for Battery Operated Trains: A Benchmark Case Study on the Line Between Reggio Calabria and Catanzaro," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:5:p:1143-:d:1600037
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1143/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1143/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. de Hoog, Joris & Timmermans, Jean-Marc & Ioan-Stroe, Daniel & Swierczynski, Maciej & Jaguemont, Joris & Goutam, Shovon & Omar, Noshin & Van Mierlo, Joeri & Van Den Bossche, Peter, 2017. "Combined cycling and calendar capacity fade modeling of a Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt Oxide Cell with real-life profile validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 47-61.
    2. Ahsan, Nabeel & Hewage, Kasun & Razi, Faran & Hussain, Syed Asad & Sadiq, Rehan, 2023. "A critical review of sustainable rail technologies based on environmental, economic, social, and technical perspectives to achieve net zero emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    3. Petronilla Fragiacomo & Francesco Piraino & Matteo Genovese & Lorenzo Flaccomio Nardi Dei & Daria Donati & Michele Vincenzo Migliarese Caputi & Domenico Borello, 2022. "Sizing and Performance Analysis of Hydrogen- and Battery-Based Powertrains, Integrated into a Passenger Train for a Regional Track, Located in Calabria (Italy)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-20, August.
    4. Mohsen Davoodi & Hamed Jafari Kaleybar & Morris Brenna & Dario Zaninelli, 2023. "Energy Management Systems for Smart Electric Railway Networks: A Methodological Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-35, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Yi & Liu, Kailong & Foley, Aoife M. & Zülke, Alana & Berecibar, Maitane & Nanini-Maury, Elise & Van Mierlo, Joeri & Hoster, Harry E., 2019. "Data-driven health estimation and lifetime prediction of lithium-ion batteries: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Ma, Jian & Xu, Shu & Shang, Pengchao & ding, Yu & Qin, Weili & Cheng, Yujie & Lu, Chen & Su, Yuzhuan & Chong, Jin & Jin, Haizu & Lin, Yongshou, 2020. "Cycle life test optimization for different Li-ion power battery formulations using a hybrid remaining-useful-life prediction method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    3. Penelope K. Jones & Ulrich Stimming & Alpha A. Lee, 2022. "Impedance-based forecasting of lithium-ion battery performance amid uneven usage," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Fabian Rücker & Ilka Schoeneberger & Till Wilmschen & Ahmed Chahbaz & Philipp Dechent & Felix Hildenbrand & Elias Barbers & Matthias Kuipers & Jan Figgener & Dirk Uwe Sauer, 2022. "A Comprehensive Electric Vehicle Model for Vehicle-to-Grid Strategy Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-31, June.
    5. Nikiforakis, Ioannis & Mamalis, Sotirios & Assanis, Dimitris, 2025. "Understanding Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybridization: A Critical Review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PC).
    6. Christian Geisbauer & Katharina Wöhrl & Daniel Koch & Gudrun Wilhelm & Gerhard Schneider & Hans-Georg Schweiger, 2021. "Comparative Study on the Calendar Aging Behavior of Six Different Lithium-Ion Cell Chemistries in Terms of Parameter Variation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, June.
    7. Peng, Qiao & Li, Wei & Fowler, Michael & Chen, Tao & Jiang, Wei & Liu, Kailong, 2024. "Battery calendar degradation trajectory prediction: Data-driven implementation and knowledge inspiration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    8. Chen, Long & Ding, Shicong & Wang, Li & Zhu, Feng & Zhu, Xiayu & Zhang, Songtong & Dai, Haifeng & He, Xiangming & Cao, Gaoping & Qiu, Jinyi & Zhang, Hao, 2024. "Electrochemical model boosting accurate prediction of calendar life for commercial LiFePO4|graphite cells by combining solid electrolyte interface side reactions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 376(PA).
    9. Karimi, Danial & Behi, Hamidreza & Berecibar, Maitane & Van Mierlo, Joeri, 2023. "A comprehensive coupled 0D-ECM to 3D-CFD thermal model for heat pipe assisted-air cooling thermal management system under fast charge and discharge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    10. Haber, Marc & Azaïs, Philippe & Genies, Sylvie & Raccurt, Olivier, 2023. "Stress factor identification and Risk Probabilistic Number (RPN) analysis of Li-ion batteries based on worldwide electric vehicle usage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    11. Jia Guo & Yaqi Li & Kjeld Pedersen & Daniel-Ioan Stroe, 2021. "Lithium-Ion Battery Operation, Degradation, and Aging Mechanism in Electric Vehicles: An Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, August.
    12. Irujo, Elisa & Berrueta, Alberto & Sanchis, Pablo & Ursúa, Alfredo, 2025. "Methodology for comparative assessment of battery technologies: Experimental design, modeling, performance indicators and validation with four technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 378(PA).
    13. Joris De Hoog & Joris Jaguemont & Mohamed Abdel-Monem & Peter Van Den Bossche & Joeri Van Mierlo & Noshin Omar, 2018. "Combining an Electrothermal and Impedance Aging Model to Investigate Thermal Degradation Caused by Fast Charging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-15, March.
    14. Luke Farrier & Richard Bucknall, 2020. "Investigating the Performance Capability of a Lithium-ion Battery System When Powering Future Pulsed Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-15, March.
    15. Yang, Yang & Yuan, Wei & Zhang, Xiaoqing & Ke, Yuzhi & Qiu, Zhiqiang & Luo, Jian & Tang, Yong & Wang, Chun & Yuan, Yuhang & Huang, Yao, 2020. "A review on structuralized current collectors for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    16. Marian Kampik & Marcin Fice & Anna Piaskowy, 2024. "Testing Algorithms for Controlling the Distributed Power Supply System of a Railway Signal Box," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-23, September.
    17. Jing Tang & Xiao Xiao & Mengqi Han & Rui Shan & Dungang Gu & Tingting Hu & Guanghui Li & Pinhua Rao & Nan Zhang & Jiaqi Lu, 2024. "China’s Sustainable Energy Transition Path to Low-Carbon Renewable Infrastructure Manufacturing under Green Trade Barriers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    18. Tian, Ai-Qing & Wang, Xiao-Yang & Xu, Heying & Pan, Jeng-Shyang & Snášel, Václav & Lv, Hong-Xia, 2024. "Multi-objective optimization model for railway heavy-haul traffic: Addressing carbon emissions reduction and transport efficiency improvement," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    19. Juan Antonio López-Villanueva & Pablo Rodríguez-Iturriaga & Luis Parrilla & Salvador Rodríguez-Bolívar, 2023. "Application of Variable-Order Fractional Calculus to the Modeling of Calendar Aging in Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18, March.
    20. Davide D’Amato & Marco Lorito & Vito Giuseppe Monopoli & Rinaldo Consoletti & Giuseppe Maiellaro & Francesco Cupertino, 2023. "Design Procedure and Testing for the Electrification of a Maintenance Railway Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:5:p:1143-:d:1600037. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.