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Review on Modeling and Control Strategies of DC–DC LLC Converters for Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charger Applications

Author

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  • Houssein Al Attar

    (Ecole Centrale de Nantes, LS2N, UMR CNRS 6004, 1 rue de la Noe, BP 92101, CEDEX 3, 44321 Nantes, France)

  • Mohamed Assaad Hamida

    (Ecole Centrale de Nantes, LS2N, UMR CNRS 6004, 1 rue de la Noe, BP 92101, CEDEX 3, 44321 Nantes, France)

  • Malek Ghanes

    (Ecole Centrale de Nantes, LS2N, UMR CNRS 6004, 1 rue de la Noe, BP 92101, CEDEX 3, 44321 Nantes, France)

  • Miassa Taleb

    (Renault Technocentre, 1 Avenue du Golf, 78280 Guyancourt, France)

Abstract

Bidirectional DC–DC converters are frequently chosen for applications requiring high power density such as in bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) chargers. Vehicle to Everything (V2X) technology makes the EV battery an electrical energy source. In this article, the use of a DC–DC LLC converter used in a bidirectional EV charger is reviewed. Different modeling approaches of the DC–DC LLC converter, such as small and large signal modeling, are discussed. Common modulation strategies applied to the DC–DC LLC converter in V2X mode, such as Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Phase-Shift Modulation (PSM), are presented. The new challenge is to present the main characteristics and limitations of each modulation strategy in order to cover the whole operating zone of the EV charger in V2X mode. Furthermore, different control strategies based on a small or large signal model combined with different modulation strategies are highlighted. Linear and nonlinear controllers applied to the DC–DC LLC converter are discussed. Robust controllers are mainly highlighted regarding their advantage in ensuring the control robustness with respect to unexpected disturbances. A comparative study among modulation strategies as well as different control algorithms is conducted in terms of control performance and converter efficiency in V2X mode.

Suggested Citation

  • Houssein Al Attar & Mohamed Assaad Hamida & Malek Ghanes & Miassa Taleb, 2023. "Review on Modeling and Control Strategies of DC–DC LLC Converters for Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charger Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-28, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3946-:d:1141545
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pierpaolo Dini & Sergio Saponara, 2022. "Review on Model Based Design of Advanced Control Algorithms for Cogging Torque Reduction in Power Drive Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-29, November.
    2. María Garcés Quílez & Mohamed Abdel-Monem & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Yang Yang & Joeri Van Mierlo & Omar Hegazy, 2018. "Modelling, Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Power Conversion Unit in G2V/V2G Application—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-24, April.
    3. Ali Saadon Al-Ogaili & Ishak Bin Aris & Renuga Verayiah & Agileswari Ramasamy & Marayati Marsadek & Nur Azzammudin Rahmat & Yap Hoon & Ahmed Aljanad & Ahmed N. Al-Masri, 2019. "A Three-Level Universal Electric Vehicle Charger Based on Voltage-Oriented Control and Pulse-Width Modulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-20, June.
    4. Zhijian Fang & Junhua Wang & Shanxu Duan & Jianwei Shao & Guozheng Hu, 2017. "Stability Analysis and Trigger Control of LLC Resonant Converter for a Wide Operational Range," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-21, September.
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