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Design and Real-Time Implementation of a Control System for SiC Off-Board Chargers of Battery Electric Buses

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  • Haaris Rasool

    (MOBI-EPOWERS Research Group, ETEC Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
    Flanders Make, Gaston Geenslaan 8, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Boud Verbrugge

    (MOBI-EPOWERS Research Group, ETEC Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
    Flanders Make, Gaston Geenslaan 8, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Shahid Jaman

    (MOBI-EPOWERS Research Group, ETEC Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
    Flanders Make, Gaston Geenslaan 8, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Ekaterina Abramushkina

    (MOBI-EPOWERS Research Group, ETEC Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
    Flanders Make, Gaston Geenslaan 8, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Thomas Geury

    (MOBI-EPOWERS Research Group, ETEC Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
    Flanders Make, Gaston Geenslaan 8, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Mohamed El Baghdadi

    (MOBI-EPOWERS Research Group, ETEC Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
    Flanders Make, Gaston Geenslaan 8, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Omar Hegazy

    (MOBI-EPOWERS Research Group, ETEC Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
    Flanders Make, Gaston Geenslaan 8, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

Abstract

Emerging wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, such as silicon carbide (SiC), will enable chargers to operate at higher switching frequencies, which grants the ability to deliver high power and enhances efficiency. This paper addresses the modeling of a double-sided cooling (DSC) SiC technology-based off-board charger for battery electric buses (BEBs) and the design of its control and real-time (RT) implementation. A three-phase active front-end (AFE) rectifier topology is considered in the modeling and control system design for the active part of the DC off-board charger. The control system consists of a dual-loop voltage–current controller and is used to ensure AC to DC power conversion for charging and to achieve the targeted grid current total harmonic distortion (THD) and unity power factor (PF). Linear and nonlinear simulation models are developed in MATLAB/Simulink for optimum control design and to validate the voltage and current control performances. Four types of controllers (i.e., proportional–integral (PI), lead–lag, proportional–resonant (PR), and modified proportional–resonant (MPR)) are designed as current controllers, and a comparative analysis is conducted on the simulation model. In addition, the final design of the dual-loop controller is implemented on the RT–FPGA platform of dSpace MicroLabBox. It is then tested with the charger to validate the control performance with experimental data. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the correct operation of the converter control performance by tracking the reference commands.

Suggested Citation

  • Haaris Rasool & Boud Verbrugge & Shahid Jaman & Ekaterina Abramushkina & Thomas Geury & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2022. "Design and Real-Time Implementation of a Control System for SiC Off-Board Chargers of Battery Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:4:p:1434-:d:750745
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. María Garcés Quílez & Mohamed Abdel-Monem & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Yang Yang & Joeri Van Mierlo & Omar Hegazy, 2018. "Modelling, Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Power Conversion Unit in G2V/V2G Application—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-24, April.
    2. Sajib Chakraborty & Hai-Nam Vu & Mohammed Mahedi Hasan & Dai-Duong Tran & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2019. "DC-DC Converter Topologies for Electric Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fast Charging Stations: State of the Art and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-43, April.
    3. Boud Verbrugge & Mohammed Mahedi Hasan & Haaris Rasool & Thomas Geury & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2021. "Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, November.
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    1. Boud Verbrugge & Haaris Rasool & Mohammed Mahedi Hasan & Sajib Chakraborty & Thomas Geury & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2022. "Reliability Assessment of SiC-Based Depot Charging Infrastructure with Smart and Bidirectional (V2X) Charging Strategies for Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.

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