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Electric Vehicles and Vehicle–Grid Interaction in the Turkish Electricity System

Author

Listed:
  • Hasan Huseyin Coban

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Ardahan University, Ardahan 75002, Turkey)

  • Wojciech Lewicki

    (Faculty of Economics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Zołnierska 47, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Ewelina Sendek-Matysiak

    (Faculty of Management and Computer Modeling, Kielce University of Technology, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland)

  • Zbigniew Łosiewicz

    (Department of Maritime Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, al. Piastów 41, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Wojciech Drożdż

    (Institute of Management, University of Szczecin, Cukrowa 8, 71-004 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Radosław Miśkiewicz

    (Institute of Management, University of Szczecin, Cukrowa 8, 71-004 Szczecin, Poland)

Abstract

Electric vehicles and energy storage systems are technologies in the stage of intensive development. One of the innovative ways to use electric cars is the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) concept. V2G charging points are characterized by the ability of bidirectional energy flow while charging EV/BEV (Electric Vehicles/Battery Electric Vehicles). In periods of low energy consumption and the presence of the highest shares of renewable sources, the cleanest electricity is drawn from the grid at the lowest prices and stored in a “mobile warehouse”, which is an electric car. During the reported peaks in electricity demand and the presence of high tariffs, the previously stored energy may be sold back to the distribution network operator. Thanks to this application, the technology determines the highest profitability of the system and assigns EV/BEV the ability to manage electricity flows, while improving the energy balance of the economy. The prospects for the spread of V2G have increased along with the growing requirements for domestic economies, closely related to the significant share of renewable energy sources. The vision of connecting EV/BEV with the power grid creates completely new ways of managing energy and makes it possible to build smart agglomerations in line with the Smartcity idea. Especially since Turkey is one of the countries promoting this idea. The scientific aim of the study is to maximize the aggregator’s profits for V2G by creating a coalition with renewable energy producers and combining the capacities of many EVs and offering their total capacities to the electricity markets. The subject of the research was to obtain extensive knowledge about the vehicle–grid interactions taking place in the Turkish power system. For this purpose, an analysis is conducted to determine the optimal preferred operating points and the amount of regulation proposals that maximize the profit of the EV users while satisfying the constraints of each stochastic parameter. The results show the system benefits from the implementation of the algorithms are significant to optimal bidirectional V2G impacts on distribution systems with high penetration of EVs. The research can find practical applications in assessing the role of electric vehicles and their integration in the vehicle–grid system in power systems. At the same time, pointing to the benefits related to the implementation of such solutions for Turkey and other countries in the field of electromobility, stability of energy systems, and energy independence through the possibility of achieving the desired synergy effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Hasan Huseyin Coban & Wojciech Lewicki & Ewelina Sendek-Matysiak & Zbigniew Łosiewicz & Wojciech Drożdż & Radosław Miśkiewicz, 2022. "Electric Vehicles and Vehicle–Grid Interaction in the Turkish Electricity System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:21:p:8218-:d:962562
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    7. Henryk Dzwigol & Aleksy Kwilinski & Oleksii Lyulyov & Tetyana Pimonenko, 2023. "Renewable Energy, Knowledge Spillover and Innovation: Capacity of Environmental Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, January.
    8. Morteza Nazari-Heris & Mehdi Abapour & Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, 2022. "An Updated Review and Outlook on Electric Vehicle Aggregators in Electric Energy Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, November.

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