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Standard Load Profiles for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Germany Based on Representative, Empirical Data

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  • Christopher Hecht

    (Grid Integration and Storage System Analysis, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, 52056 Aachen, Germany)

  • Jan Figgener

    (Grid Integration and Storage System Analysis, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, 52056 Aachen, Germany)

  • Xiaohui Li

    (National Research Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Lei Zhang

    (National Research Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Dirk Uwe Sauer

    (Grid Integration and Storage System Analysis, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, 52056 Aachen, Germany
    Helmholtz Institute Muenster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany)

Abstract

Electric vehicles are becoming dominant in the global automobile market due to their better environmental friendliness compared to internal combustion vehicles. An adequate network of public charging stations is required to fulfil the fast charging demands of EV users. Knowing the shape and amplitude of their power curves is essential for power purchase planning and grid capacity sizing. Based on a large-scale empirical and representative dataset, this paper creates standard load profiles for various power levels, station sizes, and operating environments. It is found that the average power per charge point increases with rated station power, particularly for a rated power above 100 kW, and decreases with the number of charge points per station for AC chargers. For AC chargers, it is revealed how the shape of the power curve largely depends on the environment of a station, with urban settings experiencing the highest average power of 0.71 kW on average leading to an annual energy sale of 6.2 MWh. These findings show that the rated grid capacity can be well below the sum of the rated power of each charge point.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher Hecht & Jan Figgener & Xiaohui Li & Lei Zhang & Dirk Uwe Sauer, 2023. "Standard Load Profiles for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Germany Based on Representative, Empirical Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:6:p:2619-:d:1093426
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wolbertus, Rick & Kroesen, Maarten & van den Hoed, Robert & Chorus, Caspar, 2018. "Fully charged: An empirical study into the factors that influence connection times at EV-charging stations," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-7.
    2. Semen Uimonen & Matti Lehtonen, 2020. "Simulation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Load Profiles in Office Buildings Based on Occupancy Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, October.
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