IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i10p4063-d1145906.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

CZT-Based Harmonic Analysis in Smart Grid Using Low-Cost Electronic Measurement Boards

Author

Listed:
  • Giovanni Artale

    (Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Nicola Panzavecchia

    (Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Valentina Cosentino

    (Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Antonio Cataliotti

    (Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Manel Ben-Romdhane

    (COSIM Research Laboratory, SUP’COM, University of Carthage, Ariana 2083, Tunisia)

  • Amel Benazza-Ben Yahia

    (COSIM Research Laboratory, SUP’COM, University of Carthage, Ariana 2083, Tunisia)

  • Valeria Boscaino

    (Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Noureddine Ben Othman

    (Innovation Department, ACTIA Engineering Services, Ariana 2088, Tunisia)

  • Vito Ditta

    (Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Michele Fiorino

    (Layer Electronics s.r.l., 91016 Erice, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Del Mastro

    (Layer Electronics s.r.l., 91016 Erice, Italy)

  • Salvatore Guaiana

    (Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Giovanni Tinè

    (Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Dario Di Cara

    (Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy)

Abstract

This paper validates the use of a harmonic analysis algorithm on a microcontroller to perform measurements of non-stationary signals in the context of smart grids. The increasing presence of electronic devices such as inverters of distributed generators (DG), power converters of charging stations for electric vehicles, etc. can drain non-stationary currents during their operation. A classical fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm may not have sufficient spectral resolution for the evaluation of harmonics and inter-harmonics. Thus, in this paper, the implementation of a chirp-Z transform (CZT) algorithm is suggested, which has a spectral resolution independent from the observation window. The CZT is implemented on a low-cost commercial microcontroller, and the absolute error is evaluated with respect to the same algorithm implemented in the LabVIEW environment. The results of the tests show that the CZT implementation on a low-cost microcontroller allows for accurate measurement results, demonstrating the feasibility of reliable harmonic analysis measurements even in non-stationary conditions on smart grids.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovanni Artale & Nicola Panzavecchia & Valentina Cosentino & Antonio Cataliotti & Manel Ben-Romdhane & Amel Benazza-Ben Yahia & Valeria Boscaino & Noureddine Ben Othman & Vito Ditta & Michele Fiorino, 2023. "CZT-Based Harmonic Analysis in Smart Grid Using Low-Cost Electronic Measurement Boards," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-25, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:10:p:4063-:d:1145906
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/10/4063/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/10/4063/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peteris Apse-Apsitis & Oskars Krievs & Ansis Avotins, 2023. "Impact of Household PV Generation on the Voltage Quality in 0.4 kV Electric Grid—Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Yousaf Murtaza Rind & Muhammad Haseeb Raza & Muhammad Zubair & Muhammad Qasim Mehmood & Yehia Massoud, 2023. "Smart Energy Meters for Smart Grids, an Internet of Things Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-35, February.
    3. Alessandro Mingotti & Lorenzo Peretto & Roberto Tinarelli, 2021. "Low-Impact Current-Based Distributed Monitoring System for Medium Voltage Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Mayurkumar Rajkumar Balwani & Karthik Thirumala & Vivek Mohan & Siqi Bu & Mini Shaji Thomas, 2021. "Development of a Smart Meter for Power Quality-Based Tariff Implementation in a Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-21, September.
    5. Bernhard Grasel & José Baptista & Manfred Tragner, 2022. "Supraharmonic and Harmonic Emissions of a Bi-Directional V2G Electric Vehicle Charging Station and Their Impact to the Grid Impedance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-27, April.
    6. Dongfang Zhao & Fuping Wang & Shisong Li & Wei Zhao & Lei Chen & Songling Huang & Shen Wang & Haitao Li, 2023. "An Optimization of Least-Square Harmonic Phasor Estimators in Presence of Multi-Interference and Harmonic Frequency Variance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-23, April.
    7. Thomas Price & Gordon Parker & Gail Vaucher & Robert Jane & Morris Berman, 2022. "Microgrid Energy Management during High-Stress Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-11, September.
    8. Zakarya Oubrahim & Yassine Amirat & Mohamed Benbouzid & Mohammed Ouassaid, 2023. "Power Quality Disturbances Characterization Using Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition Techniques: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-41, March.
    9. Minh Ly Duc & Petr Bilik & Radek Martinek, 2023. "Harmonics Signal Feature Extraction Techniques: A Review," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-36, April.
    10. Gabriella Crotti & Giovanni D’Avanzo & Domenico Giordano & Palma Sara Letizia & Mario Luiso, 2021. "Extended SINDICOMP: Characterizing MV Voltage Transformers with Sine Waves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nicholas D. de Andrade & Ruben B. Godoy & Edson A. Batista & Moacyr A. G. de Brito & Rafael L. R. Soares, 2022. "Embedded FPGA Controllers for Current Compensation Based on Modern Power Theories," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Michal Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2023. "Review of Measuring Methods, Setups and Conditions for Evaluation of the Inductive Instrument Transformers Accuracy for Transformation of Distorted Waveforms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Michal Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2021. "Why Should We Test the Wideband Transformation Accuracy of Medium Voltage Inductive Voltage Transformers?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.
    4. Marco Pau & Paolo Attilio Pegoraro, 2022. "Monitoring and Automation of Complex Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-3, April.
    5. Wojciech Kraszewski & Przemysław Syrek & Mateusz Mitoraj, 2022. "Methods of Ferroresonance Mitigation in Voltage Transformers in a 30 kV Power Supply Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Ru-Guan Wang & Wen-Jen Ho & Kuei-Chun Chiang & Yung-Chieh Hung & Jen-Kuo Tai & Jia-Cheng Tan & Mei-Ling Chuang & Chi-Yun Ke & Yi-Fan Chien & An-Ping Jeng & Chien-Cheng Chou, 2023. "Analyzing Long-Term and High Instantaneous Power Consumption of Buildings from Smart Meter Big Data with Deep Learning and Knowledge Graph Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-24, September.
    7. Jiajun Cai & Kai Zhang & Hui Jiang, 2023. "Power Quality Disturbance Classification Based on Parallel Fusion of CNN and GRU," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-12, May.
    8. Łukasz Michalec & Paweł Kostyła & Zbigniew Leonowicz, 2022. "Supraharmonic Pollution Emitted by Nonlinear Loads in Power Networks—Ongoing Worldwide Research and Upcoming Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14, December.
    9. Wei Li & Jiekai Shi & Hanyun Zhou, 2024. "Coordinated Charging Scheduling Approach for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Multi-Objective Weighting Control in a Large-Scale Future Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-17, June.
    10. Marco Bindi & Maria Cristina Piccirilli & Antonio Luchetta & Francesco Grasso, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Fault Diagnosis and Prognosis Techniques in High Voltage and Medium Voltage Electrical Power Lines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-37, October.
    11. Athanasiadis, C.L. & Papadopoulos, T.A. & Kryonidis, G.C. & Doukas, D.I., 2024. "A review of distribution network applications based on smart meter data analytics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    12. Michal Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2023. "Challenges of Accurate Measurement of Distorted Current and Voltage in the Power Grid by Conventional Instrument Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-17, March.
    13. Indu Sekhar Samanta & Subhasis Panda & Pravat Kumar Rout & Mohit Bajaj & Marian Piecha & Vojtech Blazek & Lukas Prokop, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Deep-Learning Applications to Power Quality Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-31, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:10:p:4063-:d:1145906. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.