IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i18p6589-d910489.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Microgrid Energy Management during High-Stress Operation

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas Price

    (Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Gordon Parker

    (Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Gail Vaucher

    (US Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, US Army Futures Command, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002, USA)

  • Robert Jane

    (US Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, US Army Futures Command, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA)

  • Morris Berman

    (US Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, US Army Futures Command, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA)

Abstract

We consider the energy management of an isolated microgrid powered by photovoltaics (PV) and fuel-based generation with limited energy storage. The grid may need to shed load or energy when operating in stressed conditions, such as when nighttime electrical loads occur or if there is little energy storage capacity. An energy management system (EMS) can prevent load and energy shedding during stress conditions while minimizing fuel consumption. This is important when the loads are high priority and fuel is in short supply, such as in disaster relief and military applications. One example is a low-power, provisional microgrid deployed temporarily to service communication loads immediately after an earthquake. Due to changing circumstances, the power grid may be required to service additional loads for which its storage and generation were not originally designed. An EMS that uses forecasted load and generation has the potential to extend the operation, enhancing the relief objectives. Our focus was to explore how using forecasted loads and PV generation impacts energy management strategy performance. A microgrid EMS was developed exploiting PV and load forecasts to meet electrical loads, harvest all available PV, manage storage and minimize fuel consumption. It used a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach with the instantaneous grid storage state as feedback to compensate for forecasting errors. Four scenarios were simulated, spanning a stressed and unstressed grid operation. The MPC approach was compared to a rule-based EMS that did not use load and PV forecasting. Both algorithms updated the generator’s power setpoint every 15 min, where the grid’s storage was used as a slack asset. While both methods had similar performance under unstressed conditions, the MPC EMS showed gains in storage management and load shedding when the microgrid was stressed. When the initial storage was low, the rule-based EMS could not meet the load requirements and shed 16% of the day’s electrical load. In contrast, the forecast-based EMS managed the load requirements for this scenario without shedding load or energy. The EMS sensitivity to forecast error was also examined by introducing load and PV generation uncertainty. The MPC strategy successfully corrected the errors through storage management. Since weather affects both PV energy generation and many types of electrical loads, this work suggests that weather forecasting advances can improve remote microgrid performance in terms of fuel consumption, load satisfaction, and energy storage requirements.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Price & Gordon Parker & Gail Vaucher & Robert Jane & Morris Berman, 2022. "Microgrid Energy Management during High-Stress Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-11, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:18:p:6589-:d:910489
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/18/6589/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/18/6589/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maen Z. Kreishan & George P. Fotis & Vasiliki Vita & Lambros Ekonomou, 2016. "Distributed Generation Islanding Effect on Distribution Networks and End User Loads Using the Load Sharing Islanding Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-24, November.
    2. Luis Hernandez & Carlos Baladrón & Javier M. Aguiar & Belén Carro & Antonio J. Sanchez-Esguevillas & Jaime Lloret, 2013. "Short-Term Load Forecasting for Microgrids Based on Artificial Neural Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-24, March.
    3. Arash Moradzadeh & Sahar Zakeri & Maryam Shoaran & Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo & Fazel Mohammadi, 2020. "Short-Term Load Forecasting of Microgrid via Hybrid Support Vector Regression and Long Short-Term Memory Algorithms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Agüera-Pérez, Agustín & Palomares-Salas, José Carlos & González de la Rosa, Juan José & Florencias-Oliveros, Olivia, 2018. "Weather forecasts for microgrid energy management: Review, discussion and recommendations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 265-278.
    5. Kaur, Amandeep & Kaushal, Jitender & Basak, Prasenjit, 2016. "A review on microgrid central controller," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 338-345.
    6. Liu, Nian & Tang, Qingfeng & Zhang, Jianhua & Fan, Wei & Liu, Jie, 2014. "A hybrid forecasting model with parameter optimization for short-term load forecasting of micro-grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 336-345.
    7. Muhammed Y. Worku & Mohamed A. Hassan & Luqman S. Maraaba & Mohammad A. Abido, 2021. "Islanding Detection Methods for Microgrids: A Comprehensive Review," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(24), pages 1-23, December.
    8. Stefano Massucco & Gabriele Mosaico & Matteo Saviozzi & Federico Silvestro, 2019. "A Hybrid Technique for Day-Ahead PV Generation Forecasting Using Clear-Sky Models or Ensemble of Artificial Neural Networks According to a Decision Tree Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, April.
    9. Diagne, Maimouna & David, Mathieu & Lauret, Philippe & Boland, John & Schmutz, Nicolas, 2013. "Review of solar irradiance forecasting methods and a proposition for small-scale insular grids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 65-76.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Giovanni Artale & Nicola Panzavecchia & Valentina Cosentino & Antonio Cataliotti & Manel Ben-Romdhane & Amel Benazza-Ben Yahia & Valeria Boscaino & Noureddine Ben Othman & Vito Ditta & Michele Fiorino, 2023. "CZT-Based Harmonic Analysis in Smart Grid Using Low-Cost Electronic Measurement Boards," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-25, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mohamed Massaoudi & Ines Chihi & Lilia Sidhom & Mohamed Trabelsi & Shady S. Refaat & Fakhreddine S. Oueslati, 2021. "Enhanced Random Forest Model for Robust Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Using Weather Measurements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-20, July.
    2. Salah Bouktif & Ali Fiaz & Ali Ouni & Mohamed Adel Serhani, 2018. "Optimal Deep Learning LSTM Model for Electric Load Forecasting using Feature Selection and Genetic Algorithm: Comparison with Machine Learning Approaches †," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, June.
    3. Àlex Alonso & Jordi de la Hoz & Helena Martín & Sergio Coronas & Pep Salas & José Matas, 2020. "A Comprehensive Model for the Design of a Microgrid under Regulatory Constraints Using Synthetical Data Generation and Stochastic Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-26, October.
    4. Di Piazza, A. & Di Piazza, M.C. & La Tona, G. & Luna, M., 2021. "An artificial neural network-based forecasting model of energy-related time series for electrical grid management," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 294-305.
    5. Rosato, Antonello & Panella, Massimo & Andreotti, Amedeo & Mohammed, Osama A. & Araneo, Rodolfo, 2021. "Two-stage dynamic management in energy communities using a decision system based on elastic net regularization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    6. Salah Bouktif & Ali Fiaz & Ali Ouni & Mohamed Adel Serhani, 2019. "Single and Multi-Sequence Deep Learning Models for Short and Medium Term Electric Load Forecasting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-21, January.
    7. Li, Wei-Qin & Chang, Li, 2018. "A combination model with variable weight optimization for short-term electrical load forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 575-593.
    8. Sylvain Cros & Jordi Badosa & André Szantaï & Martial Haeffelin, 2020. "Reliability Predictors for Solar Irradiance Satellite-Based Forecast," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-21, October.
    9. Rodríguez-Benítez, Francisco J. & López-Cuesta, Miguel & Arbizu-Barrena, Clara & Fernández-León, María M. & Pamos-Ureña, Miguel Á. & Tovar-Pescador, Joaquín & Santos-Alamillos, Francisco J. & Pozo-Váz, 2021. "Assessment of new solar radiation nowcasting methods based on sky-camera and satellite imagery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    10. Wei Sun & Chongchong Zhang, 2018. "A Hybrid BA-ELM Model Based on Factor Analysis and Similar-Day Approach for Short-Term Load Forecasting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-18, May.
    11. Voyant, Cyril & Motte, Fabrice & Notton, Gilles & Fouilloy, Alexis & Nivet, Marie-Laure & Duchaud, Jean-Laurent, 2018. "Prediction intervals for global solar irradiation forecasting using regression trees methods," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 332-340.
    12. Boland, John, 2015. "Spatial-temporal forecasting of solar radiation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 607-616.
    13. Javier Borquez & Hector Chavez & Karina A. Barbosa & Marcela Jamett & Rodrigo Acuna, 2020. "A Simple Distribution Energy Tariff under the Penetration of DG," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
    14. Nian Liu & Cheng Wang & Minyang Cheng & Jie Wang, 2016. "A Privacy-Preserving Distributed Optimal Scheduling for Interconnected Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-18, December.
    15. Xiao, Liye & Shao, Wei & Liang, Tulu & Wang, Chen, 2016. "A combined model based on multiple seasonal patterns and modified firefly algorithm for electrical load forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 135-153.
    16. Wang, Zhenyu & Zhang, Yunpeng & Li, Guorong & Zhang, Jinlong & Zhou, Hai & Wu, Ji, 2024. "A novel solar irradiance forecasting method based on multi-physical process of atmosphere optics and LSTM-BP model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    17. Ahmed, R. & Sreeram, V. & Mishra, Y. & Arif, M.D., 2020. "A review and evaluation of the state-of-the-art in PV solar power forecasting: Techniques and optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    18. Thomas Schmitt & Tobias Rodemann & Jürgen Adamy, 2021. "The Cost of Photovoltaic Forecasting Errors in Microgrid Control with Peak Pricing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-13, April.
    19. John Boland & Sleiman Farah & Lei Bai, 2022. "Forecasting of Wind and Solar Farm Output in the Australian National Electricity Market: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, January.
    20. Romero-Quete, David & Garcia, Javier Rosero, 2019. "An affine arithmetic-model predictive control approach for optimal economic dispatch of combined heat and power microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1436-1447.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:18:p:6589-:d:910489. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.