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Review, Classification and Loss Comparison of Modular Multilevel Converter Submodules for HVDC Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Yumeng Tian

    (School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia)

  • Harith R. Wickramasinghe

    (School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia)

  • Zixin Li

    (Key Laboratory of Power Electronics and Electric Drive, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Josep Pou

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore)

  • Georgios Konstantinou

    (School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia)

Abstract

The circuit topology of a submodule (SM) in an modular multilevel converter (MMC) defines many of the functionalities of the complete power electronics conversion system and the specific applications that a specific MMC configuration can support. Most prominent among all applications for the MMC is its use in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems and multiterminal dc grids. The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive review and classification of the many different SM circuit topologies that have been proposed for the MMC up to date. Using an 800-MVA, point-to-point MMC-based HVDC transmission system as a benchmark, the presented analysis identifies the limitations and drawbacks of certain SM configurations that limit their broader adoption as MMC SMs. A hybrid model of an MMC arm and appropriate implementations of voltage-balancing algorithms are used for detailed loss comparison of all SMs and to quantify differences among multiple SMs. The review also provides a comprehensive benchmark among all SM configurations, broad recommendations for the benefits and limitations of different SM topologies which can be further expanded based on the requirements of a specific application, and identifies future opportunities.

Suggested Citation

  • Yumeng Tian & Harith R. Wickramasinghe & Zixin Li & Josep Pou & Georgios Konstantinou, 2022. "Review, Classification and Loss Comparison of Modular Multilevel Converter Submodules for HVDC Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-32, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:6:p:1985-:d:767013
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo & Dionisio Ramirez & Alexis B. Rey-Boue & Santiago De Pablo & Luis Carlos Herrero-de Lucas, 2017. "Modular Multilevel Converters: Control and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-26, October.
    2. Miguel Moranchel & Francisco Huerta & Inés Sanz & Emilio Bueno & Francisco J. Rodríguez, 2016. "A Comparison of Modulation Techniques for Modular Multilevel Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Yuqi Pang & Gang Ma & Xunyu Liu & Xiaotian Xu & Xinyuan Zhang, 2021. "A New MMC Sub-Module Topology with DC Fault Blocking Capability and Capacitor Voltage Self-Balancing Capability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xingxing Chen & Shuguang Song, 2023. "Detection of Stealthy False Data Injection Attacks in Modular Multilevel Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Guilherme V. Hollweg & Shahid A. Khan & Shivam Chaturvedi & Yaoyu Fan & Mengqi Wang & Wencong Su, 2023. "Grid-Connected Converters: A Brief Survey of Topologies, Output Filters, Current Control, and Weak Grids Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-31, April.
    3. Dileep Kumar & Wajiha Shireen & Nanik Ram, 2024. "Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Energy: A Review on Fault Ride Through Techniques for MMC-HVDC Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-25, October.
    4. Abdulkarim Athwer & Ahmed Darwish, 2023. "A Review on Modular Converter Topologies Based on WBG Semiconductor Devices in Wind Energy Conversion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-44, July.
    5. Hongjin Hu & Haoze Wang & Kun Liu & Jingbo Wei & Xiangjie Shen, 2022. "A Simplified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Algorithm of a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive for a Flywheel Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-21, June.

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