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Local Carrier PWM for Modular Multilevel Converters with Distributed PV Cells and Circulating Current Reduction

Author

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  • Zaid A. Aljawary

    (Information Technology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
    Department of Electronics Technology, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain)

  • Santiago de Pablo

    (Department of Electronics Technology, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain)

  • Luis Carlos Herrero-de Lucas

    (Department of Electronics Technology, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain)

  • Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo

    (Department of Electronics Technology, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain)

Abstract

A new topology has been recently proposed for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, using modular multilevel converters (MMCs) and distributing PV panels throughout the MMC cells. This topology has two main advantages: it reduces the power losses related to moving the energy into the MMC capacitors from an external source, and it removes the losses and costs related to the DC to DC converters used to track the maximum power point on string converters or central converters, because that task is delegated to MMC cells. However, traditional pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques have many problems when dealing with this application: the distortion at the output increases to unacceptable values when MMC cells target different voltages. This paper proposes a new modulation technique for MMCs with different cell voltages, taking into account the measured cell voltages to generate switching sequences with more accurate timing. It also adapts the modulator sampling period to improve the transitions from level to level, an important issue to reduce the internal circulating currents. The proposed modulation has been validated using simulations that show a consistent behavior in the output distortion throughout a wide operation range, and it also reduces the circulating currents and cuts the conduction losses by half. The behavior of this new topology and this new modulation has been compared to the mainstream topology with external PV panels and also to a fixed carrier modulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Zaid A. Aljawary & Santiago de Pablo & Luis Carlos Herrero-de Lucas & Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, 2020. "Local Carrier PWM for Modular Multilevel Converters with Distributed PV Cells and Circulating Current Reduction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:21:p:5585-:d:434868
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anirudh Budnar Acharya & Mattia Ricco & Dezso Sera & Remus Teodorescu & Lars Einar Norum, 2019. "Arm Power Control of the Modular Multilevel Converter in Photovoltaic Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-23, April.
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    4. Miguel Moranchel & Francisco Huerta & Inés Sanz & Emilio Bueno & Francisco J. Rodríguez, 2016. "A Comparison of Modulation Techniques for Modular Multilevel Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-20, December.
    5. Simone Barcellona & Marzio Barresi & Luigi Piegari, 2020. "MMC-Based PV Single-Phase System with Distributed MPPT," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-17, August.
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