IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i15p5602-d878676.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Review of Solid-State Transformer Applications on Electric Vehicle DC Ultra-Fast Charging Station

Author

Listed:
  • Seyedamin Valedsaravi

    (Department of Electrical Electronics and Automatic Control Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

  • Abdelali El Aroudi

    (Department of Electrical Electronics and Automatic Control Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

  • Luis Martínez-Salamero

    (Department of Electrical Electronics and Automatic Control Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

Abstract

The emergence of DC fast chargers for electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) has prompted the design of ad-hoc microgrids (MGs), in which the use of a solid-state transformer (SST) instead of a low-frequency service transformer can increase the efficiency and reduce the volume and weight of the MG electrical architecture. Mimicking a conventional gasoline station in terms of service duration and service simultaneity to several customers has led to the notion of ultra-fast chargers, in which the charging time is less than 10 min and the MG power is higher than 350 kW. This survey reviews the state-of-the-art of DC ultra-fast charging stations, SST transformers, and DC ultra-fast charging stations based on SST. Ultra-fast charging definition and its requirements are analyzed, and SST characteristics and applications together with the configuration of power electronic converters in SST-based ultra-fast charging stations are described. A new classification of topologies for DC SST-based ultra-fast charging stations is proposed considering input power, delta/wye connections, number of output ports, and power electronic converters. More than 250 published papers from the recent literature have been reviewed to identify the common understandings, practical implementation challenges, and research opportunities in the application of DC ultra-fast charging in EVs. In particular, the works published over the last three years about SST-based DC ultra-fast charging have been reviewed.

Suggested Citation

  • Seyedamin Valedsaravi & Abdelali El Aroudi & Luis Martínez-Salamero, 2022. "Review of Solid-State Transformer Applications on Electric Vehicle DC Ultra-Fast Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-35, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:15:p:5602-:d:878676
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5602/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5602/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Apostolaki-Iosifidou, Elpiniki & Codani, Paul & Kempton, Willett, 2017. "Measurement of power loss during electric vehicle charging and discharging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 730-742.
    2. Seyfettin Vadi & Ramazan Bayindir & Alperen Mustafa Colak & Eklas Hossain, 2019. "A Review on Communication Standards and Charging Topologies of V2G and V2H Operation Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-27, September.
    3. Kang, LiuWang & Zhao, Xuan & Ma, Jian, 2014. "A new neural network model for the state-of-charge estimation in the battery degradation process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 20-27.
    4. Li, J. & Adewuyi, K. & Lotfi, N. & Landers, R.G. & Park, J., 2018. "A single particle model with chemical/mechanical degradation physics for lithium ion battery State of Health (SOH) estimation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1178-1190.
    5. Ryan Collin & Yu Miao & Alex Yokochi & Prasad Enjeti & Annette von Jouanne, 2019. "Advanced Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-26, May.
    6. Xiaowei Ding & Weige Zhang & Shaoyuan Wei & Zhenpo Wang, 2021. "Optimization of an Energy Storage System for Electric Bus Fast-Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Graham Town & Seyedfoad Taghizadeh & Sara Deilami, 2022. "Review of Fast Charging for Electrified Transport: Demand, Technology, Systems, and Planning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-30, February.
    8. Deepak Ronanki & Apoorva Kelkar & Sheldon S. Williamson, 2019. "Extreme Fast Charging Technology—Prospects to Enhance Sustainable Electric Transportation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-17, September.
    9. Fabio Bignucolo & Manuele Bertoluzzo, 2020. "Application of Solid-State Transformers in a Novel Architecture of Hybrid AC/DC House Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-18, July.
    10. Mostafa Shibl & Loay Ismail & Ahmed Massoud, 2020. "Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-24, October.
    11. Miguel Campaña & Esteban Inga & Jorge Cárdenas, 2021. "Optimal Sizing of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Considering Urban Traffic Flow for Smart Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.
    12. Seyedamin Valedsaravi & Abdelali El Aroudi & Jose A. Barrado-Rodrigo & Walid Issa & Luis Martínez-Salamero, 2022. "Control Design and Parameter Tuning for Islanded Microgrids by Combining Different Optimization Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-25, May.
    13. Hwa-Pyeong Park & Mina Kim & Jee-Hoon Jung, 2020. "A Comprehensive Overview in Control Algorithms for High Switching-Frequency LLC Resonant Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-17, August.
    14. Luis A. M. Barros & António P. Martins & José Gabriel Pinto, 2022. "A Comprehensive Review on Modular Multilevel Converters, Submodule Topologies, and Modulation Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-51, February.
    15. Yunxiang Guo & Cheng Lu & Liang Hua & Xinsong Zhang, 2020. "Optimal Design of High-Power Medium-Frequency Transformer Using Hollow Conductors with Consideration of Multi-Objective Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-19, July.
    16. Jeong-Woo Lim & Younghoon Cho & Han-Sol Lee & Kwan-Yuhl Cho, 2018. "Design and Control of a 13.2 kV/10 kVA Single-Phase Solid-State-Transformer with 1.7 kV SiC Devices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-21, January.
    17. Michal Gierczynski & Lech M. Grzesiak & Arkadiusz Kaszewski, 2021. "Cascaded Voltage and Current Control for a Dual Active Bridge Converter with Current Filters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-30, September.
    18. Mayank Jha & Frede Blaabjerg & Mohammed Ali Khan & Varaha Satya Bharath Kurukuru & Ahteshamul Haque, 2019. "Intelligent Control of Converter for Electric Vehicles Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-25, June.
    19. J. M. Amanor-Boadu & A. Guiseppi-Elie & E. Sánchez-Sinencio, 2018. "The Impact of Pulse Charging Parameters on the Life Cycle of Lithium-Ion Polymer Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-15, August.
    20. Sebastian Stynski & Marta Grzegorczyk & Cezary Sobol & Radek Kot, 2021. "Current Control Strategies for a Star Connected Cascaded H-Bridge Converter Operating as MV-AC to MV-DC Stage of a Solid State Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-17, July.
    21. Jia-You Lee & Jheng-Hung Chen & Kuo-Yuan Lo, 2021. "An Interleaved Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Converter with Dynamic Dead Time Control for Server Power Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    22. Naireeta Deb & Rajendra Singh & Richard R. Brooks & Kevin Bai, 2021. "A Review of Extremely Fast Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-27, November.
    23. Srivastava, Chetan & Tripathy, Manoj, 2021. "DC microgrid protection issues and schemes: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    24. Lan Ma & Hongbing Xu & Alex Q. Huang & Jianxiao Zou & Kai Li, 2018. "IGBT Dynamic Loss Reduction through Device Level Soft Switching," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    25. Yong Wang & Guangchun Yang & Ying Dong & Yu Cheng & Peipei Shang, 2018. "The Scale, Structure and Influencing Factors of Total Carbon Emissions from Households in 30 Provinces of China—Based on the Extended STIRPAT Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-25, May.
    26. Mohammed Azharuddin Shamshuddin & Felix Rojas & Roberto Cardenas & Javier Pereda & Matias Diaz & Ralph Kennel, 2020. "Solid State Transformers: Concepts, Classification, and Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-35, May.
    27. Essam Hussain & Mohammad Abusara & Suleiman Sharkh, 2021. "Design Optimisation of a Current-Fed Solid-State Transformer for MV Grid-Connected Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, June.
    28. Jayamaha, D.K.J.S. & Lidula, N.W.A. & Rajapakse, A.D., 2020. "Protection and grounding methods in DC microgrids: Comprehensive review and analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    29. Stefano Farnesi & Mario Marchesoni & Massimiliano Passalacqua & Luis Vaccaro, 2019. "Solid-State Transformers in Locomotives Fed through AC Lines: A Review and Future Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-29, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Marzio Barresi & Edoardo Ferri & Luigi Piegari, 2023. "An MV-Connected Ultra-Fast Charging Station Based on MMC and Dual Active Bridge with Multiple dc Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Jayaprakash Suvvala & Kannaiah Sathish Kumar, 2023. "Implementation of EFC Charging Station by Multiport Converter with Integration of RES," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Graham Town & Seyedfoad Taghizadeh & Sara Deilami, 2022. "Review of Fast Charging for Electrified Transport: Demand, Technology, Systems, and Planning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-30, February.
    2. Mohammed Radi & Mohamed Darwish & Gareth Taylor & Ioana Pisica, 2021. "Control Configurations for Reactive Power Compensation at the Secondary Side of the Low Voltage Substation by Using Hybrid Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-23, January.
    3. Achraf Saadaoui & Mohammed Ouassaid & Mohamed Maaroufi, 2023. "Overview of Integration of Power Electronic Topologies and Advanced Control Techniques of Ultra-Fast EV Charging Stations in Standalone Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, January.
    4. Shuqing Li & Chuankun Ju & Jianliang Li & Ri Fang & Zhifei Tao & Bo Li & Tingting Zhang, 2021. "State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in the Battery Degradation Process Based on Recurrent Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-21, January.
    5. Li, Shuangqi & He, Hongwen & Su, Chang & Zhao, Pengfei, 2020. "Data driven battery modeling and management method with aging phenomenon considered," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    6. Matteo Ravasio & Gian Paolo Incremona & Patrizio Colaneri & Andrea Dolcini & Piero Moia, 2021. "Distributed Nonlinear AIMD Algorithms for Electric Bus Charging Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Amjad, Muhammad & Farooq-i-Azam, Muhammad & Ni, Qiang & Dong, Mianxiong & Ansari, Ejaz Ahmad, 2022. "Wireless charging systems for electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    8. Adrian Chmielewski & Piotr Piórkowski & Jakub Możaryn & Stepan Ozana, 2023. "Sustainable Development of Operational Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles: A Case Study for Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-43, June.
    9. Jayaprakash Suvvala & Kannaiah Sathish Kumar, 2023. "Implementation of EFC Charging Station by Multiport Converter with Integration of RES," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, February.
    10. Lorenzo Ricciardi Celsi & Anna Valli, 2023. "Applied Control and Artificial Intelligence for Energy Management: An Overview of Trends in EV Charging, Cyber-Physical Security and Predictive Maintenance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-23, June.
    11. Mohammad Shahjalal & Tamanna Shams & Moshammed Nishat Tasnim & Md Rishad Ahmed & Mominul Ahsan & Julfikar Haider, 2022. "A Critical Review on Charging Technologies of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-26, November.
    12. Xinrong Huang & Yuanyuan Li & Anirudh Budnar Acharya & Xin Sui & Jinhao Meng & Remus Teodorescu & Daniel-Ioan Stroe, 2020. "A Review of Pulsed Current Technique for Lithium-ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, May.
    13. Armel Asongu Nkembi & Paolo Cova & Emilio Sacchi & Emanuele Coraggioso & Nicola Delmonte, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Power Converters for E-Mobility," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-28, February.
    14. Ifiok Anthony Umoren & Muhammad Zeeshan Shakir, 2022. "Electric Vehicle as a Service (EVaaS): Applications, Challenges and Enablers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-23, September.
    15. Román-Ramírez, L.A. & Marco, J., 2022. "Design of experiments applied to lithium-ion batteries: A literature review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    16. Bingkun Song & Udaya K. Madawala & Craig A. Baguley, 2023. "Optimal Planning Strategy for Reconfigurable Electric Vehicle Chargers in Car Parks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-21, October.
    17. Ghotge, Rishabh & van Wijk, Ad & Lukszo, Zofia, 2021. "Off-grid solar charging of electric vehicles at long-term parking locations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    18. Abrar Rasool Dar & Ahteshamul Haque & Mohammed Ali Khan & Varaha Satya Bharath Kurukuru & Shabana Mehfuz, 2024. "On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-26, September.
    19. Shafqat Jawad & Junyong Liu, 2020. "Electrical Vehicle Charging Services Planning and Operation with Interdependent Power Networks and Transportation Networks: A Review of the Current Scenario and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-24, July.
    20. Sun, Li & Sun, Wen & You, Fengqi, 2020. "Core temperature modelling and monitoring of lithium-ion battery in the presence of sensor bias," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:15:p:5602-:d:878676. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.