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Solid State Transformers: Concepts, Classification, and Control

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammed Azharuddin Shamshuddin

    (Institute of Electric Drive Systems and Power Electronics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany)

  • Felix Rojas

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 8320000 Santiago, Chile)

  • Roberto Cardenas

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, 8320000 Santiago, Chile)

  • Javier Pereda

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7500000 Santiago, Chile)

  • Matias Diaz

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 8320000 Santiago, Chile)

  • Ralph Kennel

    (Institute of Electric Drive Systems and Power Electronics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany)

Abstract

Increase in global energy demand and constraints from fossil fuels have encouraged a growing share of renewable energy resources in the utility grid. Accordingly, an increased penetration of direct current (DC) power sources and loads (e.g., solar photovoltaics and electric vehicles) as well as the necessity for active power flow control has been witnessed in the power distribution networks. Passive transformers are susceptible to DC offset and possess no controllability when employed in smart grids. Solid state transformers (SSTs) are identified as a potential solution to modernize and harmonize alternating current (AC) and DC electrical networks and as suitable solutions in applications such as traction, electric ships, and aerospace industry. This paper provides a complete overview on SST: concepts, topologies, classification, power converters, material selection, and key aspects for design criteria and control schemes proposed in the literature. It also proposes a simple terminology to identify and homogenize the large number of definitions and structures currently reported in the literature.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed Azharuddin Shamshuddin & Felix Rojas & Roberto Cardenas & Javier Pereda & Matias Diaz & Ralph Kennel, 2020. "Solid State Transformers: Concepts, Classification, and Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-35, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:9:p:2319-:d:354792
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cao, Wanyu & Wu, Jianzhong & Jenkins, Nick & Wang, Chengshan & Green, Timothy, 2016. "Operating principle of Soft Open Points for electrical distribution network operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 245-257.
    2. Miveh, Mohammad Reza & Rahmat, Mohd Fadli & Ghadimi, Ali Asghar & Mustafa, Mohd Wazir, 2016. "Control techniques for three-phase four-leg voltage source inverters in autonomous microgrids: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1592-1610.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Salvatore Musumeci, 2023. "Energy Conversion Using Electronic Power Converters: Technologies and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-9, April.
    2. Weichong Yao & Junwei Lu & Foad Taghizadeh & Feifei Bai & Andrew Seagar, 2023. "Integration of SiC Devices and High-Frequency Transformer for High-Power Renewable Energy Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-27, February.
    3. Tiago Oliveira & André Mendes & Luís Caseiro, 2022. "Model Predictive Control for Solid State Transformers: Advances and Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-27, November.
    4. Seyedamin Valedsaravi & Abdelali El Aroudi & Luis Martínez-Salamero, 2022. "Review of Solid-State Transformer Applications on Electric Vehicle DC Ultra-Fast Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-35, August.
    5. Rogkas, N. & Karampasakis, E. & Fotopoulou, M. & Rakopoulos, D., 2024. "Assessment of heat transfer mechanisms of a novel high-frequency inductive power transfer system and coupled simulation using FEA," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    6. Amer Bineshaq & Md Ismail Hossain & Hamed Binqadhi & Aboubakr Salem & Mohammad A. Abido, 2023. "Design and Control of Two-Stage DC-AC Solid-State Transformer for Remote Area and Microgrid Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-26, April.
    7. Yangfan Chen & Yu Zhang, 2023. "DC Transformers in DC Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-19, March.
    8. Yunxiang Guo & Cheng Lu & Liang Hua & Xinsong Zhang, 2020. "Optimal Design of High-Power Medium-Frequency Transformer Using Hollow Conductors with Consideration of Multi-Objective Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-19, July.
    9. Mohammed Radi & Mohamed Darwish & Gareth Taylor & Ioana Pisica, 2021. "Control Configurations for Reactive Power Compensation at the Secondary Side of the Low Voltage Substation by Using Hybrid Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-23, January.

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