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DC microgrid protection issues and schemes: A critical review

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  • Srivastava, Chetan
  • Tripathy, Manoj

Abstract

The proliferation of renewable energy resources to the next level optimizes microgrid utilization to manage the disturbances effectively. A direct current microgrid achieves solicitous attention worldwide due to the development of several DC loads, higher efficiency, and advancement in power electronic devices. The study substantially addresses the merits of DC microgrid over AC microgrid, recent research trends, fault localization, classification, and characterization to understand critical protection aspects. The paper has sought out the elusive protection challenges along with grounding impacts associated with DC microgrid in-depth. It articulates the relationship between the converter performance and peculiar load impact with grid security. Also, it presents a strategy for the safe deployment of renewable energy resources where protection margins are least affected. This article is explicitly reviewed and analyzed the pros and cons of the different protection strategies. The subsequent modifications and analysis of protective and fault current limiting devices are discussed to assist the protection scheme. The comprehensive protection strategy is tightly coupled with its components' security. Therefore this study critically examines the protection techniques for different elements forming the microgrid along with the jurisdiction. Finally, concluding remarks with a complete roadmap for future research are laid out.

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  • Srivastava, Chetan & Tripathy, Manoj, 2021. "DC microgrid protection issues and schemes: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:151:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121008248
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111546
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Chen, Xiaoyuan & Zhang, Mingshun & Jiang, Shan & Gou, Huayu & Zhou, Pang & Yang, Ruohuan & Shen, Boyang, 2023. "Energy reliability enhancement of a data center/wind hybrid DC network using superconducting magnetic energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    4. Cabello, G.M. & Navas, S.J. & Vázquez, I.M. & Iranzo, A. & Pino, F.J., 2022. "Renewable medium-small projects in Spain: Past and present of microgrid development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    5. Seyedamin Valedsaravi & Abdelali El Aroudi & Luis Martínez-Salamero, 2022. "Review of Solid-State Transformer Applications on Electric Vehicle DC Ultra-Fast Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-35, August.
    6. Mehdi Moradian & Tek Tjing Lie & Kosala Gunawardane, 2023. "DC Circuit Breaker Evolution, Design, and Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-16, August.
    7. Hegazy Rezk & Rania M. Ghoniem & Seydali Ferahtia & Ahmed Fathy & Mohamed M. Ghoniem & Reem Alkanhel, 2022. "A Comparison of Different Renewable-Based DC Microgrid Energy Management Strategies for Commercial Buildings Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-22, December.
    8. Charalambous, Chrysanthos & Heracleous, Chryso & Michael, Aimilios & Efthymiou, Venizelos, 2023. "Hybrid AC-DC distribution system for building integrated photovoltaics and energy storage solutions for heating-cooling purposes. A case study of a historic building in Cyprus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    9. Jorge De La Cruz & Eduardo Gómez-Luna & Majid Ali & Juan C. Vasquez & Josep M. Guerrero, 2023. "Fault Location for Distribution Smart Grids: Literature Overview, Challenges, Solutions, and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-37, February.

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