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Biomass Gasification in Downdraft Gasifiers: A Technical Review on Production, Up-Gradation and Application of Synthesis Gas

Author

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  • Pulla Rose Havilah

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres Building, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India)

  • Amit Kumar Sharma

    (Department of Chemistry, Centre for Alternate and Renewable Energy Research, R & D, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres Building, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India)

  • Gopalakrishnan Govindasamy

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres Building, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India)

  • Leonidas Matsakas

    (Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden)

  • Alok Patel

    (Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden)

Abstract

Rapid climate change and forecasted damage from fossil fuel combustion, forced researchers to investigate renewable and clean energy sources for the sustainable development of societies throughout the world. Biomass-based energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources for meeting daily energy needs, which are gaining in popularity daily. Gasification-based bioenergy production is an effective way to replace fossil fuels and reduce CO 2 emissions. Even though biomass gasification has been studied extensively, there is still much opportunity for improvement in terms of high-quality syngas generation (high H 2 /CO ratio) and reduced tar formation. Furthermore, the presence of tar has a considerable impact on syngas quality. Downdraft gasifiers have recently shown a significant potential for producing high-quality syngas with lower tar concentrations. This article presents a comprehensive review on the advancement in biomass downdraft gasification technologies for high-quality synthesis gas. In addition, factors affecting syngas production and composition e.g., equivalency ratio, temperature, particle size, and gasification medium on synthesis gas generation are also comprehensively studied. The up-gradation and various applications of synthesis gas are also discussed in brief in this review article.

Suggested Citation

  • Pulla Rose Havilah & Amit Kumar Sharma & Gopalakrishnan Govindasamy & Leonidas Matsakas & Alok Patel, 2022. "Biomass Gasification in Downdraft Gasifiers: A Technical Review on Production, Up-Gradation and Application of Synthesis Gas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:11:p:3938-:d:824888
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    2. Debora Mignogna & Márta Szabó & Paolo Ceci & Pasquale Avino, 2024. "Biomass Energy and Biofuels: Perspective, Potentials, and Challenges in the Energy Transition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-33, August.
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    7. Helena G. M. F. Gomes & Manuel A. A. Matos & Luís A. C. Tarelho, 2023. "Influence of Oxygen/Steam Addition on the Quality of Producer Gas during Direct (Air) Gasification of Residual Forest Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-20, March.
    8. Saaida Khlifi & Victor Pozzobon & Marzouk Lajili, 2024. "A Comprehensive Review of Syngas Production, Fuel Properties, and Operational Parameters for Biomass Conversion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-17, July.

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