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Bio-Crude Production Improvement during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biopulp by Simultaneous Application of Alkali Catalysts and Aqueous Phase Recirculation

Author

Listed:
  • Komeil Kohansal

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Kamaldeep Sharma

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Saqib Sohail Toor

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Eliana Lozano Sanchez

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Joscha Zimmermann

    (Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany)

  • Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Thomas Helmer Pedersen

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

Abstract

This study focuses on the valorization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (biopulp) by hydrothermal liquefaction. Thereby, homogeneous alkali catalysts (KOH, NaOH, K 2 CO 3 , and Na 2 CO 3 ) and a residual aqueous phase recirculation methodology were mutually employed to enhance the bio-crude yield and energy efficiency of a sub-critical hydrothermal conversion (350 °C, 15–20 Mpa, 15 min). Interestingly, single recirculation of the concentrated aqueous phase positively increased the bio-crude yield in all cases, while the higher heating value (HHV) of the bio-crudes slightly dropped. Compared to the non-catalytic experiment, K 2 CO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 effectively increased the bio-crude yield by 14 and 7.3%, respectively. However, KOH and NaOH showed a negative variation in the bio-crude yield. The highest bio-crude yield (37.5 wt.%) and energy recovery (ER) (59.4%) were achieved when K 2 CO 3 and concentrated aqueous phase recirculation were simultaneously applied to the process. The inorganics distribution results obtained by ICP reveal the tendency of the alkali elements to settle into the aqueous phase, which, if recovered, can potentially boost the circularity of the HTL process. Therefore, wise selection of the alkali catalyst along with aqueous phase recirculation assists hydrothermal liquefaction in green biofuel production and environmentally friendly valorization of biopulp.

Suggested Citation

  • Komeil Kohansal & Kamaldeep Sharma & Saqib Sohail Toor & Eliana Lozano Sanchez & Joscha Zimmermann & Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl & Thomas Helmer Pedersen, 2021. "Bio-Crude Production Improvement during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biopulp by Simultaneous Application of Alkali Catalysts and Aqueous Phase Recirculation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:15:p:4492-:d:601056
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kim, Seong-Ju & Kim, Ga-Hee & Um, Byung-Hwan, 2022. "Use of an alkaline catalyst with ethanol-water as a co-solvent in the hydrothermal liquefaction of the Korean native kenaf: An analysis of the light oil and heavy oil characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).

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