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Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production

Author

Listed:
  • Ekaterina Ovsyannikova

    (Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Andrea Kruse

    (Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Gero C. Becker

    (Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany)

Abstract

Microalgae ( Spirulina ) and primary sewage sludge are considerable feedstocks for future fuel-producing biorefinery. These feedstocks have either a high fuel production potential (algae) or a particularly high appearance as waste (sludge). Both feedstocks bring high loads of nutrients (P, N) that must be addressed in sound biorefinery concepts that primarily target specific hydrocarbons, such as liquid fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which produces bio-crude oil that is ready for catalytic upgrading (e.g., for jet fuel), is a useful starting point for such an approach. As technology advances from small-scale batches to pilot-scale continuous operations, the aspect of nutrient recovery must be reconsidered. This research presents a full analysis of relevant nutrient flows between the product phases of HTL for the two aforementioned feedstocks on the basis of pilot-scale data. From a partial experimentally derived mass balance, initial strategies for recovering the most relevant nutrients (P, N) were developed and proofed in laboratory-scale. The experimental and theoretical data from the pilot and laboratory scales are combined to present the proof of concept and provide the first mass balances of an HTL-based biorefinery modular operation for producing fertilizer (struvite) as a value-added product.

Suggested Citation

  • Ekaterina Ovsyannikova & Andrea Kruse & Gero C. Becker, 2020. "Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:2:p:379-:d:308093
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Castello, Daniele & Haider, Muhammad Salman & Rosendahl, Lasse Aistrup, 2019. "Catalytic upgrading of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrudes: Different challenges for different feedstocks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 420-430.
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    Cited by:

    1. Komeil Kohansal & Kamaldeep Sharma & Saqib Sohail Toor & Eliana Lozano Sanchez & Joscha Zimmermann & Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl & Thomas Helmer Pedersen, 2021. "Bio-Crude Production Improvement during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biopulp by Simultaneous Application of Alkali Catalysts and Aqueous Phase Recirculation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, July.
    2. Magdalena Szymańska & Tomasz Sosulski & Adriana Bożętka & Urszula Dawidowicz & Adam Wąs & Ewa Szara & Agata Malak-Rawlikowska & Piotr Sulewski & Gijs W. P. van Pruissen & René L. Cornelissen, 2020. "Evaluating the Struvite Recovered from Anaerobic Digestate in a Farm Bio-Refinery as a Slow-Release Fertiliser," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.

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